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Interaction and outeraction: instant messaging in action

Open access
Nardi, Bonnie A., Whittaker, Steve, Bradner, Erin·2000·Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work

Abstract

We discuss findings from an ethnographic study of instant messaging (IM) in the workplace and its implications for media theory. We describe how instant messaging supports a variety of informal communication tasks. We document the affordances of IM that support flexible, expressive communication. We describe some unexpected uses of IM that highlight aspects of communication which are not part of current media theorizing. They pertain to communicative processes people use to connect with each other and to manage communication, rather than to information exchange. We call these processes "outeraction". We discuss how outeractional aspects of communication affect media choice and patterns of media use.

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Metadata

Authors
Nardi, B. A., Whittaker, S., & Bradner, E.
Venue
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Publisher
ACM
Published
2000-12
Pages
79-88
OpenAlex
W2096894832
Cited by
1,079
References
2
FWCI
32.25
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interaction and outeraction: instant messaging in action. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/358916.358975
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Nardi, B. A., Whittaker, S., & Bradner, E. (2000). Interaction and outeraction: instant messaging in action. Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work. https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.358975

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.