Security, Privacy, and Decentralized Trust Management in VANETs: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions
Open accessAbstract
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are powerful platforms for vehicular data services and applications. The increasing number of vehicles has made the vehicular network diverse, dynamic, and large-scale, making it difficult to meet the 5G network’s demanding requirements. Decentralized systems are interesting and provide attractive services because they are publicly available (transparency), have an append-only ledger (robust integrity protection), remove single points of failure, and enable distributed key management and communication in a peer-to-peer network. Researchers dedicated substantial efforts to advancing vehicle communications, however conventional cryptographic mechanisms are insufficient which enabled us to look at decentralized technologies. Therefore, we revisit decentralized approaches with VANETs. Endpoint devices hold a wallet which may incorporate threshold key management methods like MPC wallets, HD Wallets, or multi-party threshold ECDSA/EdDSA/BLS. We also discuss trust management approaches and demonstrate how decentralization can improve integrity, security, privacy, and resilience to single points of failure. We also conduct a comprehensive review, comparing them with current requirements, and the latest authentication and secure communication architectures, which require the involvement of trusted but non-transparent authorities in certificate issuance/revocation. We highlight the limitations of these schemes from PKI deployment and recommend future research, particularly in the realm of quantum cryptography.
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VANET vulnerabilities can be categorized into six main groups (network, routing, application, security, privacy, and infrastructure).
“This appendix provides a comprehensive list of vulnerabilities in VANETs categorized into six main groups.”
From Enhancing Intelligent Transport Systems Through Decentralized Security Frameworks in Vehicle-to-Everything Networks (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
The “VANET security requirements” section lists attacks and vulnerabilities, supporting the general point that VANETs have identifiable vulnerabilities. It does not classify them into the six claimed groups; searches for the group names and for a six-group vulnerability taxonomy found no such classification in our copy. The indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Industry 4.0 and Beyond: The Role of 5G, WiFi 7, and TSN in Enabling Smart ManufacturingPreprint
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Security Methods in Internet of vehiclesPreprint
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Anonymity-enhanced Sequential Multi-signer Ring Signature for Secure Medical Data Sharing in IoMT
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- Authors
- AlMarshoud, M., Sabir Kiraz, M., & H. Al-Bayatti, A.
- Affiliations
- Algonquin College - Kuwait Campus, Safat, Kuwait
- De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Venue
- ACM Computing Surveys
- Published
- 2024-06-22
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1-39
- ISSN
- 0360-0300 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7341
- OpenAlex
- W4394692435
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 20
- FWCI
- 15.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Computing Surveys (publishedVersion)
- DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cryptography and Data Security
- Keywords
- vehicular ad hoc networks, decentralized trust management, blockchain, EdDSA, BLS signatures, vehicle authentication, vehicular communication security, quantum cryptography, privacy
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