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Development, Regeneration, and Evolution of Feathers
Open accessAbstract
The feather is a complex ectodermal organ with hierarchical branching patterns. It provides functions in endothermy, communication, and flight. Studies of feather growth, cycling, and health are of fundamental importance to avian biology and poultry science. In addition, feathers are an excellent model for morphogenesis studies because of their accessibility, and their distinct patterns can be used to assay the roles of specific molecular pathways. Here we review the progress in aspects of development, regeneration, and evolution during the past three decades. We cover the development of feather buds in chicken embryos, regenerative cycling of feather follicle stem cells, formation of barb branching patterns, emergence of intrafeather pigmentation patterns, interplay of hormones and feather growth, and the genetic identification of several feather variants. The discovery of feathered dinosaurs redefines the relationship between feathers and birds. Inspiration from biomaterials and flight research further fuels biomimetic potential of feathers as a multidisciplinary research focal point.
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“Among the selected genes, tyrosinase gene (TYR) accounting for white plumage in chickens (Chen et al. 2015) located in a 9.5 Mb LD block (fig. 5C) and the pattern of genotype distribution around this TYR gene distinguished breed Camosciata from other HGF populations (supplementary fig. S11, Supplementary Material online).”
From Genomic Analyses Unveil Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Domestication in West Africa (2021) · cites this paper as Chen et al. 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, C.-F., Foley, J., Tang, P.-C., Li, A., Jiang, T. X., Wu, P., Widelitz, R. B., & Chuong, C. M.
- Affiliations
- National Chung Hsing University (TW)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-02-16
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 169-195
- ISSN
- 2165-8102 (ISSN-L)
- 2165-8110
- PMC
- PMC5662002
- OpenAlex
- W2132740847
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 1.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Animal Biosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (NSC101-2311-B005-008-MY3)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR042177, R01AR060306, R01AR047364)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- feather development, feather regeneration, feather evolution, feather pigmentation, chick embryo, feathered dinosaurs, flight, biomimetics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Birds, Biological Evolution, Feathers, Fossils, Morphogenesis, Pigmentation, Regeneration, Dinosaurs
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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