Cited by 229DNA Repair MechanismsEffects of Radiation ExposureCRISPR and Genetic Engineering

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Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks by the Nonhomologous End Joining Pathway

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Stinson, Benjamin M., Loparo, Joseph J.·2021·Annual Review of Biochemistry

DOI 10.1146/annurev-biochem-080320-110356PMC PMC8899865

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Abstract

DNA double-strand breaks pose a serious threat to genome stability. In vertebrates, these breaks are predominantly repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), which pairs DNA ends in a multiprotein synaptic complex to promote their direct ligation. NHEJ is a highly versatile pathway that uses an array of processing enzymes to modify damaged DNA ends and enable their ligation. The mechanisms of end synapsis and end processing have important implications for genome stability. Rapid and stable synapsis is necessary to limit chromosome translocations that result from the mispairing of DNA ends. Furthermore, end processing must be tightly regulated to minimize mutations at the break site. Here, we review our current mechanistic understanding of vertebrate NHEJ, with a particular focus on end synapsis and processing.

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Authors: Stinson, B. M., & Loparo, J. J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Loparo, Joseph J.
ORCID: Stinson, Benjamin M.
Loparo, Joseph J.
Venue: Annual Review of Biochemistry
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2021-06-20
Volume: 90
Issue: 1
Pages: 137-164
ISSN: 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
1545-4509
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-080320-110356
PMC: PMC8899865
OpenAlex: W3127347270
Cited by: 223
References: 173
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 4
FWCI: 3.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM115487)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Keywords: non-homologous end joining, DNA double-strand breaks, DNA end processing, genome stability, chromosomal translocation, DNA ligation
MeSH terms: Animals, Enzymes, Humans, Models, Biological, Genomic Instability, Multiprotein Complexes, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA End-Joining Repair, V(D)J Recombination

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Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks by the Nonhomologous End Joining Pathway

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