Cited by 328Autophagy in Disease and TherapyUbiquitin and proteasome pathwaysGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms

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Autophagy in Neurons

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Stavoe, Andrea K.H., Holzbaur, Erika L.F.·2019·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125242PMC PMC6996145

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Abstract

Autophagy is the major cellular pathway to degrade dysfunctional organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy is particularly important in neurons, which are terminally differentiated cells that must last the lifetime of the organism. There are both constitutive and stress-induced pathways for autophagy in neurons, which catalyze the turnover of aged or damaged mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, other cellular organelles, and aggregated proteins. These pathways are required in neurodevelopment as well as in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis. Here we review the core components of the pathway for autophagosome biogenesis, as well as the cell biology of bulk and selective autophagy in neurons. Finally, we discuss the role of autophagy in neuronal development, homeostasis, and aging and the links between deficits in autophagy and neurodegeneration.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation
Sliter, D. A., Martinez, J., Hao, L., Chen, X., Sun, N., Fischer, T. D., Burman, J. L., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Narendra, D. P., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0448-9 · Cited by 1,287 · cited 1×
“The importance of more fully understanding mitochondrial quality control is emphasized by the observation that both PINK1 and Parkin knockout mice are susceptible to stress, and that this in turn leads to inflammation (Sliter et al. 2018).”
Background
Retracted
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of Ubiquitinated Protein Aggregates by Autophagy
Pankiv, S., Clausen, T. H., Lamark, T., Brech, A., Bruun, J.-A., Outzen, H., Øvervatn, A., Bjørkøy, G., & Johansen, T. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m702824200 · Cited by 4,578 · cited 1×
“The best characterized autophagy receptor known to function in aggrephagy is p62/ SQSTM1 (Bjørkøy et al. 2005, Komatsu et al. 2007a, Pankiv et al. 2007).”
Background
Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy
Narendra, D., Tanaka, A., Suen, D.-F., & Youle, R. J. (2008) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200809125 · Cited by 4,026 · cited 1×
“Work has shown that PINK1 is a mitochondrially-targeted kinase involved in the recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin to impaired mitochondria (Narendra et al. 2008, 2010a).”
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Suppression of basal autophagy in neural cells causes neurodegenerative disease in mice
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“While many questions remain, the importance of autophagy in neurons is clear, as the neuron-specific ablation of autophagy leads to neurodegeneration (Hara et al. 2006, Komatsu et al. 2006).”
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Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration in mice
Komatsu, M., Waguri, S., Chiba, T., Murata, S., Iwata, J.-I., Tanida, I., Ueno, T., Koike, M., Uchiyama, Y., Kominami, E., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04723 · Cited by 3,500 · cited 3×
“While many questions remain, the importance of autophagy in neurons is clear, as the neuron-specific ablation of autophagy leads to neurodegeneration (Hara et al. 2006, Komatsu et al. 2006).”
Background
p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death
Bjørkøy, G., Lamark, T., Brech, A., Outzen, H., Perander, M., Øvervatn, A., Stenmark, H., & Johansen, T. (2005) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200507002 · Cited by 3,276 · cited 10×
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BackgroundInfluential
PINK1 Is Selectively Stabilized on Impaired Mitochondria to Activate Parkin
Narendra, D. P., Jin, S. M., Tanaka, A., Suen, D.-F., Gautier, C. A., Shen, J., Cookson, M. R., & Youle, R. J. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000298 · Cited by 2,944
The ubiquitin kinase PINK1 recruits autophagy receptors to induce mitophagy
Lazarou, M., Sliter, D. A., Kane, L. A., Sarraf, S. A., Wang, C., Burman, J. L., Sideris, D. P., Fogel, A. I., & Youle, R. J. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14893 · Cited by 2,774 · cited 3×
“Depletion of a single receptor such as OPTN may induce a delay in mitochondrial engulfment (Moore & Holzbaur 2016) but does not block mitophagy completely (Lazarou et al. 2015), indicating some redundancy in the system.”
Background
A ubiquitin-like system mediates protein lipidation
Ichimura, Y., Kirisako, T., Takao, T., Satomi, Y., Shimonishi, Y., Ishihara, N., Mizushima, N., Tanida, I., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, M., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35044114 · Cited by 2,139 · cited 1×
“Elongation of the autophagosome membrane is mediated by the aptly named elongation complex, composed of two ubiquitin-like conjugation complexes (Ichimura et al. 2000, Mizushima et al. 1998).”
Background
Homeostatic levels of p62 control cytoplasmic inclusion body formation in autophagy-deficient mice.
Komatsu, M., Waguri, S., Koike, M., Sou, Y.-S., Ueno, T., Hara, T., Mizushima, N., Iwata, J.-I., Ezaki, J., Murata, S., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.035 · Cited by 2,124 · cited 3×
“Likewise, conditionally knocking out Atg7 in Purkinje cells using the Pcp2 promoter in mice did not appear to affect dendrites, but did lead to neuronal and axonal dystrophy, degeneration of axon terminals, and eventual neuronal death (Komatsu et al. 2007b).”
Background

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Background
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Total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves protect spinal motor neurons via promotion of autophagy after spinal cord injury
Zhang, Q., Liu, M.-F., Nong, H.-B., Zhang, Y.-N., Bai, Y.-G., Liu, P., Zong, S.-H., & Zeng, G.-F. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.925568 · Cited by 12
“Autophagy involves multiple molecular regulatory mechanisms, which are critical in maintaining the stability of the internal and external environment of cells and cell metabolism (Stavoe and Holzbaur, 2019).”
Background
Progranulin Preserves Autophagy Flux and Mitochondrial Function in Rat Cortical Neurons Under High Glucose Stress
Dedert, C., Mishra, V., Aggarwal, G., Nguyen, A. D., & Xu, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.874258 · Cited by 13
“The importance of proper autophagy function is elevated in the nervous system due to the limited regenerative capacity and post-mitotic nature of neurons (Stavoe and Holzbaur, 2019).”
Background
Differences in the Autophagy Response to Hypoxia in the Hippocampus and Neocortex of Rats
Churilova, A. V., Зачепило, Т. Г., Baranova, K. A., & Rybnikova, E. A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23148002 · Cited by 13
“Discussion A large number of studies demonstrated an extremely important role of autophagy for the homeostasis of cells [6,7] and especially for the normal functioning of neurons [4,33].”
Background
Lipid-derived and Other Oxidative Modifications of Retinal Proteins in a Rat Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Kapphahn, R. J., Richards, M. J., Ferrington, D., & Fliesler, S. (2018) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.006 · Cited by 12
PDZD8 promotes autophagy at ER-lysosome membrane contact sites to regulate activity-dependent synaptic growth
Thakur, R. S., & O’Connor-Giles, K. M. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115483 · Cited by 23
The mitochondrial quality control system: a new target for exercise therapeutic intervention in the treatment of brain insulin resistance-induced neurodegeneration in obesity
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“Notably, since mitophagy, aggrephagy, and ERphagy all occur in the soma of neurons [168], the dif ﬁ cult classi ﬁ catory distinction of autophagy poses challenges for the investigation of the neurobiological role of mitophagy in obesity and other diseases.”
Regulation and Functions of Autophagy During Animal Development
Restrepo, L. J., & Baehrecke, E. H. (2024) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168473 · Cited by 11
Disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mediated autophagosomal biogenesis in a Drosophila model of C9-ALS-FTD
Sung, H., & Lloyd, T. E. (2023) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2023.2249750 · Cited by 11
Dynamic Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses of Proteasome-Inhibited Neurons
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“These include lysosomal proteolysis and several autophagic pathways [13].”
Background
NFE2L1 as a central regulator of proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: interplay with autophagy, ferroptosis, and the proteasome
Khodadadi, H., Łuczyńska, K., Winiarczyk, D., Leszczyński, P., & Taniguchi, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2025.1551571 · Cited by 12
CaMK2A/CREB pathway activation is associated with enhanced mitophagy and neuronal apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy
Yang, X.-C., Zhang, Y.-X., Zhou, Y.-K., Liu, M., Zhao, H.-Y., Yang, Y., & Su, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-97371-y · Cited by 10
“While moderate levels of autophagy and mitophagy are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, excessive or dysregulated mitophagy can lead to the excessive degradation of mitochondria, compromising energy production and promoting neuronal cell death 18,19 .”
Ginsenoside-Rh2 Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury by Enhancing TFEB-Mediated Autophagy
Liu, R., Jiang, L., Chen, Y., Shao, J., Chen, K., Li, X., Lv, J., Cai, W., Cai, H., Zhu, Z., et al. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02379 · Cited by 11
Icariin Ameliorates D-galactose-induced Cell Injury in Neuron-like PC12 Cells by Inhibiting MPTP Opening
Hu, S., Wang, T.-Y., Ni, L., Hu, F.-X., Yue, B.-W., Zheng, Y., Wang, T.-L., Kumar, A., Wang, Y., Wang, J.-E., et al. (2024) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-024-2892-0 · Cited by 10
A conserved requirement for RME-8/DNAJC13 in neuronal autophagic lysosome reformation
Swords, S., Jia, N., Norris, A., Modi, J., Cai, Q., & Grant, B. D. (2023) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2023.2269028 · Cited by 13
The flavonoid luteolin reduces mutant huntingtin aggregation and cytotoxicity in huntingtin-mutated neuroblastoma cells
Ramadan, A., Mohammed, A., Elnour, A., Sadeq, A., Mazrouei, N. A. A., Alkaabi, M., Al-Kubaisi, K., Beshir, S., Menon, V., AlAmoodi, A., et al. (2023) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101871 · Cited by 10
“It has been shown that htt aggregates can sequester and alter the kinetics of transported organelles and proteins such as synaptic vesicles and block transport of organelles or vesicles into axons; this blockage can impair axonal function and lead to cell degeneration (Stavoe and Holzbaur, 2019).”
Unwinding the role of Wnt signaling cascade and molecular triggers of motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Soumya, B. S., Shreenidhi, V. P., Agarwal, A., Gandhirajan, R. K., Dharmarajan, A., & Warrier, S. R. (2023) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110807 · Cited by 14
Analysis and comparisons of gene expression changes in patient- derived neurons from ROHHAD, CCHS, and PWS
Victor, A., Hedgecock, T., Donaldson, M., Johnson, D., Rand, C., Weese-Mayer, D., & Reiter, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1090084 · Cited by 10
YiQiFuMai lyophilized injection attenuates cerebral ischemic injury with inhibition of neuronal autophagy through intervention in the NMMHC IIA-actin-ATG9A interaction.
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Conserved components of the macroautophagy machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans
Zhang, H., & Meléndez, A. (2025) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyaf007 · Cited by 11
“Thus, autophagy may regulate different stages of development in specific neurons, rather than serving a general function in all neurons (Stavoe et al. 2016; Stavoe and Holzbaur 2019).”
Influential
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate neurological dysfunction by reducing autophagy damage via downregulation of SYNPO2 in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy rats
Xue, L.-L., Cheng, J., Du, R.-L., Luo, B., Chen, L., Xiao, Q.-X., Zhou, H.-S., She, H., Wang, S.-F., Chen, T.-B., et al. (2025) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-025-07439-w · Cited by 9
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)-Induced Neuropathy and Mitochondrial Toxicity: Limitations of the Poly-γ Hypothesis and the Potential Roles of Autophagy and Drug Transport
Haynes, J., Joshi, A., Larue, R. C., Eisenmann, E. D., & Govindarajan, R. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16121592 · Cited by 9
“This process is particularly important for post-mitotic terminally differentiated cells such as neurons to facilitate the removal of aggregated, aged, or defective organelles and proteins in order to improve the longevity of the cells [40].”
ATP6V1A is required for synaptic rearrangements and plasticity in murine hippocampal neurons
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Upregulation of PGC-1α Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury
Han, B., Zhao, H., Gong, X., Sun, J., Chi, S., Liu, T., & Xie, A. (2022) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2022/9682999 · Cited by 9
Decreasing pdzd8-mediated mitochondrial-ER contacts in neurons improves fitness by increasing mitophagy
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“Clearance of damaged cellular components by autophagy is critical for the maintenance of healthy neurons with age (Stavoe & Holzbaur, 2019).”
Background
Molecular mechanisms underlying p62-dependent secretion of the Alzheimer-associated ubiquitin variant UBB+1
Wagh, A. R., & Glickman, M. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1073/pnas.2504528122 · Cited by 8
“Neurons rely on autophagy for the removal of defective proteins to maintain neuronal health ( 19 – 22 ).”
NEAT1-mediated regulation of proteostasis and mRNA localization impacts autophagy dysregulation in Rett syndrome
Soares, E. S., Velasco, C. D., Tarrasón, A., Soler, M., Srinivas, T., Setién, F., Oliveira-Mateos, C., Casado-Peláez, M., Martinez‐Verbo, L., Armstrong, J., et al. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf074 · Cited by 9
“More-over, emerging evidence underscores the role of autophagy regulation in processes central to neurodevelopment [ 101 ].”
Increased regional activity of a pro-autophagy pathway in schizophrenia as a contributor to sex differences in the disease pathology
Bjornson, K. J., Vanderplow, A. M., Bhasker, A. I., & Cahill, M. E. (2024) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101652 · Cited by 10
“3 The facilitation of phag-ophore assembly and expansion, which is necessary for the induction of autophagy, requires the coordinated actions of two major distinct, yet complementary, signaling complexes—the ULK1 complex and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-III) complex.”
Exercise to Counteract Alzheimer’s Disease: What Do Fluid Biomarkers Say?
Bonanni, R., Cariati, I., Cifelli, P., Frank, C., Annino, G., Tancredi, V., & D’Arcangelo, G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25136951 · Cited by 8
“Indeed, these processes represent the main pathway by which cells degrade dysfunctional organelles and protein aggregates and play an essential role in neuronal homeostasis, being terminally differentiated and non-substitutable cells [32].”
Background
RACK1 promotes autophagy via the PERK signaling pathway to protect against traumatic brain injury in rats
Ni, H., Kan, X., Qin, R., Zhang, Y., Zhai, W., Zhang, B., & Yu, Z. (2024) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14691 · Cited by 7
“30 Several findings have indicated that RACK1 is involved in the regulation of autophagy.”
Background
The Impact of Hormesis, Neuronal Stress Response, and Reproduction, upon Clinical Aging: A Narrative Review
Kyriazis, M., Swas, L., & Orlova, T. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12165433 · Cited by 8
“There are specific stress-induced pathways for enhancing autophagy in neurons [52,53], and it is known that the stress response activates autophagy [54–56].”
Background
Membrane association of the ATG8 conjugation machinery emerges as a key regulatory feature for autophagosome biogenesis
Tooze, S. A., Zhang, W., Lazzeri, G., Gahlot, D., Thukral, L., Covino, R., & Nishimura, T. (2023) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14676 · Cited by 8
Loss of function of FIP200 in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons leads to axonal pathology and hyperactivity
Wen, J., Zellner, A., Braun, N. C., Bajaj, T., Gassen, N. C., Peitz, M., & Brüstle, O. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02432-3 · Cited by 10
Ca2+ Regulates Autophagy Through CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Mechanical Spinal cord Injury: An in vitro Study
Liu, F., Jiang, C., Li, Z., Wang, X., Li, J., Wang, B., Lv, G., & Liu, F.-B. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03768-w · Cited by 7
Drug repurposing in cancer neuroscience: From the viewpoint of the autophagy-mediated innervated niche
Shi, J., Xu, J., Li, Y., Li, B., Ming, H., Nice, E. C., Huang, C., Li, Q., & Wang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.990665 · Cited by 6
“Autophagy-related cell death leads directly to the death of neuronal and glial cells, which contributes to the neuropathy of the innervated niche (Ngwenya and Danzer, 2018; Stavoe and Holzbaur, 2019).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Emerging Role of Astrocytic Autophagy in Central Nervous System Disorders
Zhou, Z., Zhou, J., Liao, J., Chen, Z., & Zheng, Y. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03714-w · Cited by 7
Defective axonal transport of endo‐lysosomes and dense core vesicles in a Drosophila model of C9‐ALS/FTD
Sung, H., & Lloyd, T. (2022) · Traffic : the International Journal of Intracellular Transport · doi:10.1111/tra.12861 · Cited by 8
The Interplay Between Autophagy and RNA Homeostasis: Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
Houghton, O. H., Mizielinska, S., & Gómez‐Suaga, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.838402 · Cited by 12
“Unsurprisingly, defective neuronal autophagy has been widely linked to proteotoxic stress, aging and neurodegeneration (Stavoe and Holzbaur, 2019).”
Background
Acetyl CoA synthase 2 potentiates ATG5-induced autophagy against neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage
He, W., Zhou, X., Wu, Q., Zhou, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, R., Deng, C., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Histology · doi:10.1007/s10735-022-10057-x · Cited by 10
Disease-causing mutated ATLASTIN 3 is excluded from distal axons and reduces axonal autophagy
Behrendt, L., Hoischen, C., & Kaether, C. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105400 · Cited by 10
Phosphorylation Modifications Regulating Cardiac Protein Quality Control Mechanisms
Mishra, S., Dunkerly-Eyring, B. L., Keceli, G., & Ranek, M. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.593585 · Cited by 15
Aging lowers PEX5 levels in cortical neurons in male and female mouse brains
Uzor, N.-E., Scheihing, D. M., Kim, G. S., Moruno-Manchon, J., Zhu, L., Reynolds, C., Stephenson, J. M., Holmes, A., McCullough, L., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2020) · Molecular and cellular neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103536 · Cited by 8
FOXO family and neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential
Lv, Z.-X., Liu, X., Zhou, Z., Huang, Q., Liu, H.-J., Xu, Z.-C., & Xu, P. (2026) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2026.104218 · Cited by 7
“Restoring autophagic flow through SIRT1 activation, TFEB enhancement, or pharmacological intervention allows neurons to return to normal surveillance [91,92].”
Autophagy–NAD+ axis: emerging insights into neuronal homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases
Koçak, G., Dimas, M. M., Silva, L., Silva-Amaral, D., Sun, C., Cruddas, S., Barrett, T. G., Martins‐de‐Souza, D., Cunha‐Neto, E., Brocardo, P. S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1695486 · Cited by 8
Gaultheria leucocarpa inhibits Aβ fibrillization and enhances mitophagy-mediated degradation of pathogenic proteins
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The Effect of Resveratrol on Lead-Induced Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in HT-22 Cells.
Yi, X., Wei, R., Huang, S.-N., Wei, P., Li, H.-S., Li, Z.-N., Aschner, M., Jiang, Y., Ou, S., & Li, S.-J. (2025) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115274 · Cited by 7
TBC1D24 interacts with the v-ATPase and regulates intraorganellar pH in neurons
Pepe, S., Aprile, D., Castroflorio, E., Marte, A., Giubbolini, S., Hopestone, S., Parsons, A. L. M., Soares, T., Benfenati, F., Oliver, P. L., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111515 · Cited by 8
“25–27 To address a potential perturbation of autophagy in Tbc1d24 KO neurons, we analyzed the expression of the auto-phagy receptor p62 and the autophagosomal associated protein LC3.”
Unraveling autophagic imbalances and therapeutic insights in Mecp2-deficient models
Esposito, A., Seri, T., Breccia, M., Indrigo, M., Rocco, G. D., Nuzzolillo, F., Denti, V., Pappacena, F., Tartaglione, G., Serrao, S., et al. (2024) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s44321-024-00151-w · Cited by 7
“While most of the cells in our body can divide and easily remove unwanted materials, post-mitotic and long-living cells, such as neurons, require integrated degradative processes to prevent the accumulation of cellular debris and sustain their survival (Stavoe and Holzbaur, 2019).”
The Potential Role of Artemisinins Against Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Xia, L., Qiu, Y., Li, J., Xu, M., & Dong, Z. (2024) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x24500642 · Cited by 7
Neurons Specialize in Presynaptic Autophagy: A Perspective to Ameliorate Neurodegeneration
Mishra, A. K., Tripathi, M. K., Kumar, D., & Gupta, S. P. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04399-8 · Cited by 9
“Neurons depend on efficient clearance mechanisms like autophagy to regularly digest and recycle damaged organelles and aberrant proteins and sustain neuronal health and function [19, 20].”
Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the differential expression of 62 proteins following intracortical microelectrode implantation
Song, S., Druschel, L. N., Kasthuri, N. M., Wang, J., Conard, J. H., Chan, E. R., Acharya, A. P., & Capadona, J. R. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68017-2 · Cited by 6
“Autophagy removes harmful substances from the cytoplasm, allowing for the recovery of injured cells 28 .”
Background
Turnover of synaptic adhesion molecules.
Nabavi, M., & Hiesinger, P. (2023) · Molecular and cellular neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103816 · Cited by 7
Lysosomal dysfunction and autophagy blockade contribute to MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Cognitive Change Associated with Anesthesia and Surgery: An Introduction to POCD for Neuroscientists
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Authors: Stavoe, A. K. H., & Holzbaur, E. L. F.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID: Stavoe, Andrea K.H.
Holzbaur, Erika L.F.
Venue: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2019-10-06
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Pages: 477-500
ISSN: 1081-0706 (ISSN-L)
1530-8995
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125242
PMC: PMC6996145
OpenAlex: W2963539474
Cited by: 328
References: 157
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 4.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K99NS109286, R37NS060698)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Keywords: autophagy, neurons, autophagosome formation, selective autophagy, bulk autophagy, mitochondrial turnover, protein aggregation, brain development, neuronal homeostasis, aging, neurodegeneration, endoplasmic reticulum, organelle degradation
MeSH terms: Autophagosomes, Animals, Autophagy, Axons, Dendrites, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Homeostasis, Humans, Memory, Mitochondria, Neurons, Synapses, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Ubiquitination, Unfolded Protein Response

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