The DOI matches its Crossref record; 127 of the 127 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Behavioral Addictions as Mental Disorders: To Be or Not To Be?
Open accessAbstract
Should excessive and problematic engagement in nonsubstance use behaviors be mental disorders? The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) repositioned gambling disorder in the substance use disorders section and introduced Internet gaming disorder in the research appendix; the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is also considering it. This article outlines pros and cons of considering behavioral addictions as mental disorders and also reviews the DSM-5 decision-making processes. It focuses on three conditions: gambling disorder, Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and Internet addiction (IA). We detail assessment methods and prevalence rates for these conditions and outline psychiatric comorbidities, demographic and biological risk factors, and promising treatment approaches. We also briefly discuss other putative behavioral addictions: eating/food, sex, exercise, shopping, and tanning “addictions.” Overall, data are inconclusive, and consistent terminology and methodology are needed to define and evaluate these conditions more fully prior to considering them mental disorders.
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“Petry et al. (2018), consideran que el problema de adicción al internet es un punto mundialmente preocupante, manifestando indicios del 0.8% en países como Islandia, 6.3% en China y un significativo 22.2% en Irán.”
From Social media addiction among students at a national university in Junín (Peru) (2023) · cites this paper as Petry et al. (2018)
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Hasin, D. S., O’Brien, C. P., Auriacombe, M., Borges, G., Bucholz, K., Budney, A., Compton, W. M., Crowley, T., Ling, W., Petry, N. M., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060782 · Cited by 1,622
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“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript of periods of gambling disorder over the course of their lifetimes, about half persist with problems (Petry et al. 2005).”
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“Several demographic characteristics are risk factors for gambling disorder, including male gender (Kessler et al. 2008, Petry et al. 2005), and younger age (Kessler et al. 2008).”
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Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review
Ratan, Z. A., Parrish, A., Zaman, S. B., Alotaibi, M. S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182212257 · Cited by 338
The relationship of loot box purchases to problem video gaming and problem gambling
Li, W., Mills, D. J., & Nower, L. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.05.016 · Cited by 216
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Self-determination theory, internet gaming disorder, and the mediating role of self-control
Mills, D. J., & Allen, J. J. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.106209 · Cited by 202
Squires, L. R., Hollett, K. B., Hesson, J., & Harris, N. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00224-0 · Cited by 120
Metadata
- Authors
- Petry, N. M., Zajac, K., & Ginley, M. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-05-07
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 399-423
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC5992581
- OpenAlex
- W2801196298
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P60AA003510)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA009241, K23DA034879)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- behavioral addiction, gambling addiction, internet gaming disorder, internet addiction, DSM-5, ICD-11, psychiatric comorbidity, risk factors, treatment options, eating disorders, sexual addiction, exercise addiction, compulsive buying, tanning addiction, diagnostic classification
- MeSH terms
- Gambling, Humans, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, Behavior, Addictive, Video Games, Internet
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