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Extratropical Cooling, Interhemispheric Thermal Gradients, and Tropical Climate Change

Chiang, John C.H., Friedman, Andrew R.·2012·Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

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Abstract

Recent studies suggest the existence of a global atmospheric teleconnection of extratropical cooling to the tropical rainfall climate, mediated through the development of a thermal contrast between the hemispheres—an interhemispheric thermal gradient. This teleconnection has been largely motivated by studies that show a global synchronization of rapid climate change during abrupt climate changes of the last glacial period, in addition to attribution studies of twentieth-century Sahel drought and studies that examined the climate impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. This research has led to interesting developments in atmospheric dynamics of the underlying mechanisms and in applications toward understanding past and present tropical climate change. The emerging teleconnection hypothesis promises to offer new insights into understanding future patterns of tropical rainfall changes due to interhemispheric thermal gradients from greenhouse warming, aerosols, and land-use change.

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Authors: Chiang, J. C. H., & Friedman, A. R.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
ORCID: Chiang, John C.H.
Friedman, Andrew R.
Venue: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2012-05-30
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Pages: 383-412
ISSN: 0084-6597 (ISSN-L)
1545-4495
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105545
OpenAlex: W2146529780
Cited by: 379
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (publishedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DEFG0208ER64588)
Secretário de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Governo do Estado de Parana
Office of Science
Biological and Environmental Research
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Keywords: tropical rainfall variability, teleconnections, abrupt climate change, last glacial period, Sahel drought, anthropogenic aerosols, global warming, land use change, tropical climate change

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Extratropical Cooling, Interhemispheric Thermal Gradients, and Tropical Climate Change

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