The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Causes and Consequences of Development Clusters: State Capacity, Peace, and Income*
Abstract
Three important aspects of development—per capita income, state capabilities, and (the absence of) political violence—are correlated with each other at the country level. This article discusses the causes of such development clusters and highlights two explanations: common economic, political, and social drivers and complementarities (two-way positive feedbacks). It also draws out preliminary policy implications of these patterns of development and proposes topics for further research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Here political and economic factors connect, as a government's capacity to exercise territorial control also depends on state income (122).”
From Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change (2021) · cites this paper as [122]
Citations
Cites
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
North, D. C. (1990) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808678 · Cited by 32,691
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
Munger, M. C., & North, D. C. (1991) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1060065 · Cited by 25,224
A contribution to the theory of economic growth
Solow, R. M. (1956) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1884513 · Cited by 24,483
Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour
Lewis, W. (1954) · Manchester School · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x · Cited by 10,808
Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
FEARON, J. D., & LAITIN, D. D. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000534 · Cited by 7,366
Greed and grievance in civil war
Collier, P. D. (2004) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oep/gpf064 · Cited by 6,295
North, D. C., & Weingast, B. R. (1989) · The Journal of Economic History · doi:10.1017/s0022050700009451 · Cited by 5,300
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance.
Schout, A., & North, D. C. (1991) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2234910 · Cited by 4,868
Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization
Wade, R. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9780691187181 · Cited by 4,835
Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511510809 · Cited by 4,810
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Acemoglu, 2012, Why Nations Fail
- Atkinson, 2005, The Atkinson Review: Measurement of Government Output and Productivity for the National Accounts
- Tilly, 1990, Coercion, Capital and European States, AD 990–1992
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–104 of 104
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ МИТНИХ СТИМУЛІВ У КРАЇНАХ, ЩО ПРОХОДИЛИ ПІСЛЯВОЄННЕ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ
Ніколенко, І. (2026) · ГРААЛЬ НАУКИ · doi:10.36074/grail-of-science.01.05.2026.059
Carbon Emission Trading, Employment, and Skill Heterogeneity: Evidence from ChinaPreprint
Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Das, U. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7035521
Population Growth, Real GDP Per Capita, and Economic Welfare in Somalia, 1960–2024
Hersi, A. F., Yousuf³, I. M., Jama, Y. A., & Osman, A. H. (2026) · Open Research Africa · doi:10.12688/openresafrica.16832.1
Rehman, A. U., Zahid, J., Chatha, I. A., & Aqib, S. (2026) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-026-03472-y
Metadata
- Authors
- Besley, T., & Persson, T.
- Affiliations
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Economics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2014-08-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 927-949
- ISSN
- 1941-1383 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1391
- OpenAlex
- W2146223805
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Development › Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Keywords
- state capacity, peace, per capita income, political violence, positive feedback, economic growth determinants, political development, development policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review