The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Economic Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
In this article, we review the literature on financial literacy, financial education, and consumer financial outcomes. We consider how financial literacy is measured in the current literature and examine how well the existing literature addresses whether financial education improves financial literacy or personal financial outcomes. We discuss the extent to which a competitive market provides incentives for firms to educate consumers or to offer products that facilitate informed choice. We review the literature on alternative policies to improve financial outcomes and compare the evidence with that on the efficacy and cost of financial education. Finally, we discuss directions for future research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Besides, study designs usually do not permit participants to tap into other sources of information in order to prepare their decisions.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Financial literacy programmes reduce information asymmetry by equipping borrowers with knowledge needed to make informed repayment decisions (Hastings et al., 2013;Lusardi & Mitchell, 2014).”
From Drivers of willingness to repay Parish Revolving funds (PRF) under Uganda’s Parish Development Model: a Bayesian Latent Class Logistic Regression (LCLR) approach (2026) · cites this paper as Hastings et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) argument that financial education improves understanding of credit terms.”
From Drivers of willingness to repay Parish Revolving funds (PRF) under Uganda’s Parish Development Model: a Bayesian Latent Class Logistic Regression (LCLR) approach (2026) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, the authors criticize that surveys eliciting financial literacy levels do not incentivize respondents to provide carefully considered answers reflecting their actual knowledge.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) emphasize that it is generally unclear if questions are a suitable means for measuring financial capability and, if so, which questions lend themselves most effectively for identifying it.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) document that respondents with higher cognitive abilities and more comfortable with numerical calculations on average exhibit higher levels of financial literacy.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“it complicates interpreting the magnitudes of the estimated effects as they are almost surely upwardly biased in magnitude (Hastings et al. 2013).”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) report that financial education interventions in the U.S. date back as long as to the 1950s.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness
Adkisson, R. V. (2008) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2008.09.003 · Cited by 5,706
Are Investors Reluctant to Realize Their Losses?
Terrance Odean, B. (1998) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00072 · Cited by 3,886
Financial literacy and stock market participation
van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2011) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.006 · Cited by 3,554 · cited 2×
“…both self-reported financial confidence and a test-based measure of financial literacy predict self-reported retirement planning and saving, and van Rooij et al. (2011) find that both self-perceived financial knowledge and a test-based measure of financial literacy predict stock market…”
The Technology of Skill Formation
Cunha, F., & Heckman, J. J. (2007) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.97.2.31 · Cited by 3,297
Allen, C. L., & Friedman, M. (1954) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1053873 · Cited by 3,288
The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior
Madrian, B. C., & Shea, D. F. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355301753265543 · Cited by 3,119
Self-citationHutchison, T. W., & Friedman, M. (1954) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2228046 · Cited by 3,025
Save More Tomorrow™: Using Behavioral Economics to Increase Employee Saving
Thaler, R. H., & Benartzi, S. (2004) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/380085 · Cited by 2,486
Campbell, J. Y. (2006) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00883.x · Cited by 2,366
Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation
Cunha, F., Heckman, J. J., & Schennach, S. M. (2010) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta6551 · Cited by 1,949
Research works printed but not linked: 32
- Barr MS, 2009, Behavioral Foundations of Policy, 25
- Bell C, 2008, Community Invest., 21, 15
- 10.1353/jhr.2008.0017 · DOI
- Boyce L, 2004, Evaluation of the NEFE High School Financial Planning Program Curriculum: 1997–1998
- Brobeck S, 1990, U.S. Consumer Knowledge: Results of a Nationwide Test
- Brobeck S, 1991, U.S. High School Student Consumer Knowledge: A Nationwide Test
- Brobeck S, 1993, College Student Consumer Knowledge: The Results of a Nationwide Test
- Brobeck S, 1998, American Consumers Get Mixed Grades on Consumer Literacy Quiz
- Campbell JY, 2010, Work. Pap., RWP10
- Cole SA, 2012, Is high school the right time to teach self-control? The effect of education on financial behavior
- Collins JM, 2009, Building Indicators Measures: Analysis and Recommendations
- Council for Economic Education, 2011, Rep.
- Coussens MD, 2006, Consum. Interests Annu., 52, 315
- Duarte F, 2012, NBER Work. Pap., 18582
- Ellison G, 2005, Q. J. Econ., 120, 585
- Figlio D, 2011, Do children lose more than a home? The effects of foreclosure on children’s education outcomes
- Hastings JS, 2013, Results from the 2010–2011 Mexican Encuesta de Empleyo Retiro y Ahorro
- Hastings JS, 2013, Prisoner’s dilemma? Informative vs. persuasive advertising for a savings account
- Hastings JS, 2013, College education and loan choices: survey and field evidence from Chile
- Hastings JS, 2011, NBER Work. Pap., 16740
- Hastings JS, 2008, NBER Work. Pap., 14538
- Hilgert MA, 2003, Fed. Reserve Bull., 89, 309
- Hogarth JM, 2006, Financial education and economic development
- Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy, 2006, Rep.
- Kimball M, 2006, Investor sophistication and the participation, home bias, diversification, and employer stock puzzle
- Lusardi A, 2011, Rep.
- Lusardi A, 2009, NBER Work. Pap., 15350
- Lusardi A, 2009, NBER Work. Pap., 14808
- Mandell L, 2009, The Financial Literacy of Young American Adults: Results of the 2008 National Jump$tart Coalition Survey of High School Seniors and College Students
- Ponce-Rodriguez A, 2008, Teaser rate offers in the credit card market: evidence from Mexico
- Willis LE, 2008, Iowa Law Rev., 94, 197
- Willis LE, 2009, San Diego Law Rev, 46, 415
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,001
Understanding Financial Vulnerability Among Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United StatesPreprint
Hasler, A., Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., & Sconti, A. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4425740 · Cited by 7
Gender Gaps in Financial Literacy: A Multi-Arm RCT to Break the Response Bias in SurveysPreprint
Hospido, L., Iriberri, N., & Machelett, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4646350 · Cited by 7
Liu, X., Zhou, C., Li, Y. H., & Fang, F. (2025) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2025.104041 · Cited by 6
Jirari, S., Khiati, M., MABCHOUR, A., Ouboujemaa, E., Baite, M., ELOMARI, O., & Omar, T. (2025) · International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC) · doi:10.1109/iccsc66714.2025.11135414 · Cited by 6
The nexus of VSLA participation and financial inclusion among rural women entrepreneurs in Ghana
Asitik, A. J., Nunfam, V. F., Kodom, M., & Afrifa‐Yamoah, E. (2025) · International Journal of Social Economics · doi:10.1108/ijse-10-2024-0834 · Cited by 6
Carlander, A., & Hauff, J. C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13996-4_7 · Cited by 6
Fiscal Management Practices Framework of State Universities and Colleges in Region XII
Mamburao, R. S., & Manubag, E. B. (2023) · International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) · doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v11i10.el02 · Cited by 6
Salman, M., Rauf, N., & Murtaza, Z. (2024) · Journal of excellence in management sciences. · doi:10.69565/jems.v3i3.308 · Cited by 7
Bakar, M. Z. A., Ayub, S. H., Hamzah, M. R., & Bakar, S. A. (2020) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i13/6885 · Cited by 6
Determining interlinkages between the measures of financial literacy: An MCDM approach
Pramahender, Himanshu, & Kandpal, V. (2020) · Journal of Public Affairs · doi:10.1002/pa.2287 · Cited by 6
Sustainable Households Financial Behaviour in EU and Implications on Developing Financial Literacy
Todorov, L., Aleksandrova, A., & Marinov, M. (2023) · Lecture notes in management and industrial engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23463-7_9 · Cited by 6
Development of a Responsible Financial Behaviors Index
Preece, G. L., Kiss, E., & MacDonald, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning · doi:10.1891/jfcp-2022-0046 · Cited by 6
The Big Three of Financial Literacy: Analyzing its Influences on Financial Well-being
(2023) · FWU Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.51709/19951272/summer2023/1 · Cited by 6
DEFINICIÓN DE SALUD FINANCIERA
López, E. G. (2024) · REVISTA PROCESOS DE MERCADO · doi:10.52195/pm.v20i2.890 · Cited by 7
The Economic and Social Value of Financial Literacy
Santos, J. M. S. (2020) · Advances in finance, accounting, and economics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-2440-4.ch009 · Cited by 6
Osagwu, A. O., & Okafor, E. G. (2022) · European Journal of Business and Innovation Research · doi:10.37745/ejbir.2013/vo10.n6pp3470 · Cited by 6
Financial Literacy Levels in the Commonwealth of Independent States
OECD (2021) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/394dbe88-en · Cited by 6
Álvarez, A. B. V., & González, J. R. V. (2017) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2026-9.ch005 · Cited by 6
Nam, Y., Hole, E., Sherraden, M. W., & Clancy, M. M. (2017) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-017-9544-5 · Cited by 7
Finanzwissen und Vorsorgesparverhalten
Bannier, C. E., & Sinzig, D. (2017) · Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1007/s41471-017-0044-y · Cited by 6
Using Discourse Analysis to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Financial Counseling
Zeamer, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning · doi:10.1891/jfcp-18-00081 · Cited by 6
Levels of Financial Literacy in Eurasia
OECD (2018) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/1a064de1-en · Cited by 6
Municipal Pooled Financing of Infrastructure in the United States: Experience and Lessons
Liu, L., Angelis, M. A. D., & Torbert, S. M. (2017) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8212 · Cited by 6
The Implications of Financial Innovation for Capital Markets and Household WelfarePreprint
Buss, A., Uppal, R., & Vilkov, G. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3015208 · Cited by 6
The Causal Mechanism of Financial Education: Evidence from Mediation Analysis
Carpena, F., & Zia, B. (2018) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8619 · Cited by 6
Religious literacy and its discontents: a critical review
Hjelm, T., Äystö, T., & Karimi, Z. (2025) · Religion · doi:10.1080/0048721x.2025.2602592 · Cited by 5
Erbuğa, G. S., & ÜNAL, C. (2026) · Borsa Istanbul Review · doi:10.1016/j.bir.2026.100840 · Cited by 7
Seifert, M., Palan, S., Homar, A. R., Spitzer, F., Kirchler, E., & Gangl, K. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbef.2026.101262 · Cited by 5
Understanding Debt in the Older Population
Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., & Oggero, N. (2020) · Journal of Pensions Economics and Finance · doi:10.1017/s1474747225100024 · Cited by 5
Dimitrova-Grajzl, V. P., Grajzl, P., Guse, A. J., Kokodoko, M., & Wheeler, L. (2023) · Journal of Economics Race and Policy · doi:10.1007/s41996-023-00119-x · Cited by 5
Felici, M., & Fuerst, F. (2023) · Journal of Housing Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhe.2023.101964 · Cited by 5
The effect of financial education on college students’ knowledge and skills
Arellano, F. B. G. (2023) · Economía · doi:10.18800/economia.202302.002 · Cited by 6
Who Gets Duped? The Impact of Economics and Finance Education on Skepticism in an Investment Task
Blackwell, C., Maynard, N., Malm, J., Pyles, M. K., Snyder, M. S., & Witte, M. D. (2020) · Journal of Economics and Finance · doi:10.1007/s12197-024-09672-z · Cited by 6
Santiago, L. A. D., Hernández, M. G. S., Castiblanco, F., Scolaro, M. D. C. M., & Guadarrama, J. P. B. (2024) · Revista de Economía Facultad de Economía Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán · doi:10.33937/reveco.2024.407 · Cited by 5
Representational visuals of abstract financial concepts: A means to foster financial literacy
Malik, A., & Fürstenau, B. (2024) · Citizenship Social and Economics Education · doi:10.1177/14788047241277768 · Cited by 5
Examining the financial and commercial literacy of Australian Indigenous small business owners
Brimble, M., Weaven, S. K., Wildman, K. L., Blue, L., Bodle, K. A., & Frazer, L. (2024) · Accounting and Finance · doi:10.1111/acfi.13343 · Cited by 5
Zhang, R., & Wang, J. (2024) · Education as Change · doi:10.25159/1947-9417/17073 · Cited by 5
Zhang, Y., & Fang, S. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04692-4 · Cited by 5
Financial Literacy and Financial Education
Lusardi, A., & Kaiser, T. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198897071.013.15 · Cited by 5
Gufron, I. A., Febriani, I. S., & Pitrotussaadah, P. (2025) · Jurnal SOLMA · doi:10.22236/solma.v14i1.17141 · Cited by 5
Velasco, M. S. (2025) · Economia Politica · doi:10.1007/s40888-025-00368-z · Cited by 7
Wang, K., Zhang, R., & Zhang, X. (2025) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2025.104435 · Cited by 6
Experience in financial decision-making: Field evidence from Malawi
Xavier Giné, A., & Goldberg, J. (2022) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.103036 · Cited by 5
Dunn, B. (2023) · The Economic and Labour Relations Review · doi:10.1017/elr.2023.8 · Cited by 5
Kiplangat, M. D., Tuwey, J. K., & Maket, L. (2023) · International Journal of Finance and Accounting · doi:10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1595 · Cited by 6
Zhang, Y., Tadesse, A., & Huang, J. X. (2024) · Journal of Poverty · doi:10.1080/10875549.2023.2301690 · Cited by 5
Bridging the Financial Knowledge Gap: Innovative Approaches to Financial Literacy in Africa
Amana, S., & Tamunomiegbam, A. (2024) · American Journal of Finance · doi:10.47672/ajf.2280 · Cited by 6
Rahardjo, D. A. S., & Suwardi, S. (2022) · AKUNTANSI 45 · doi:10.30640/akuntansi45.v3i1.629 · Cited by 5
Financial Security in Retirement: The Importance of Savings vs Earnings in Malaysia
Krishnaveni, V., Jusoh, Z. M., Othman, M. A., & Zainudin, N. (2024) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i10/23273 · Cited by 5
Éducation financière et comportements patrimoniaux : mauvaise éducation et zéro de conduite ?
Arrondel, L. (2017) · Revue d économie financière · doi:10.3917/ecofi.127.0253 · Cited by 5
Debt Experience of Facebook Users in Poland. A Conceptual Model and Empirical Test
Filipek, K., Cwynar, A., & Cwynar, W. (2018) · Polish Sociological Review · doi:10.26412/psr202.06 · Cited by 5
Financial Literacy and Socialist Education: Lessons from the German Reunification
Davoli, M., & Hou, J. (2018) · German Economic Review · doi:10.1515/ger-2020-0027 · Cited by 5
Finanzielle Kompetenzen und Defizite in Deutschland – eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme
Bachmann, R., Rulff, C., & Schmidt, C. Μ. (2021) · List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik · doi:10.1007/s41025-021-00235-2 · Cited by 5
Is it Important for Elementary School Students to Learn the Basics of Finance?
Yunikawati, N. A., Priambodo, M. P., Puspasari, E. Y., & Istiqomah, N. (2021) · KnE Social Sciences · doi:10.18502/kss.v5i8.9346 · Cited by 5
Marcinkiewicz, E. (2018) · Business and Economic Horizons · doi:10.15208/beh.2018.07 · Cited by 5
Predicting Students’ Financial Knowledge from Attitude towards Finance
Bocchialini, E., Ronchini, B., & Torti, F. (2022) · International Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.5539/ijbm.v17n6p13 · Cited by 5
Financial Education, and Gender Equity
Bae, K., Jang, G., Kang, H., & Tan, P. (2022) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies · doi:10.1111/ajfs.12386 · Cited by 5
Financial literacy exchange and its challenges in Post-Soviet Georgia
Surmanidze, N., Tabagari, K., Mushkudiani, Z., & Akhvlediani, M. (2022) · Knowledge and Performance Management · doi:10.21511/kpm.06(1).2022.08 · Cited by 5
Ampa, A. T., Widjaja, S. U. M., Wahyono, H., & Utomo, S. H. (2023) · Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice · doi:10.33423/jhetp.v23i2.5826 · Cited by 5
Settle, A. C. (2021) · New Political Economy · doi:10.1080/13563467.2023.2195159 · Cited by 5
Metodologías para la medición de las competencias financieras: un análisis de cuestionarios
Muñoz-Céspedes, E., Ibar-Alonso, R., & Mir, M. C. (2022) · Revista Electrónica de Comunicaciones y Trabajos de ASEPUMA · doi:10.24309/recta.2022.23.2.03 · Cited by 8
Programas de Educación Financiera en Colombia: Retos para Evaluar su Efectividad.
Alvarez-Franco, P., Murillo, A. M. M., & Restrepo-Tobón, D. A. (2017) · Cuadernos de Administración · doi:10.11144/javeriana.cao30-54.caef · Cited by 5
Saving Model Under Financial Literacy
Shah, M. H., Murugiah, L., & Ahmad, N. B. (2021) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i2/8612 · Cited by 5
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING IN ZIMBABWE
Gumbo, L., Mveku, B., Simon, C., Mutero, T. T. T., & Cornick, C. E. (2022) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001031620223420 · Cited by 8
Demographic Determinants of Financial Literacy in the Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe
Norman, M., Magweva, R., & Don, D. F. (2019) · Journal of Banking and Finance Management · doi:10.22259/2642-9144.0204002 · Cited by 5
An Analysis of the Nature of the Relationship Between SAT Scores and Financial Literacy
Roszkowski, M. J., Glatzer, M., & Lombardo, R. (2015) · Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship · doi:10.1080/08963568.2015.978715 · Cited by 5
Edelstein, S., & Lowenstein, C. (2014) · Cited by 5
Linciano, N., Soccorso, P., Cagno, D. T. D., Panaccione, L., Nicolini, G., Ploner, M., Lucarelli, C., Brighetti, G., Cervellati, E. M., Rinaldi, E., et al. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3067333 · Cited by 6
The Household Finance Landscape in Emerging EconomiesPreprint
Badarinza, C., Balasubramaniam, V., & Ramadorai, T. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3280962 · Cited by 6
Debt Collection Agencies and the Supply of Consumer Credit
Fedaseyeu, V. (2020) · Working paper · doi:10.21799/frbp.wp.2020.06 · Cited by 5
Financial Behavior and Degrees of Financial InclusionPreprint
Herrerías, R., & Alvarez, C. M. O. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2982432/v1 · Cited by 5
Information Preference and Credit Allocation in a Bazaar Economy
Tomy, R. E., & Moerman, R. W. (2025) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2023.04197 · Cited by 4
Intra-household self-confidence in subjective financial knowledge
Broihanne, M. (2025) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-10-2024-0625 · Cited by 4
Álvarez, J. R. T., Medina, R. M. B., Reyes, J. M., & López-Chila, R. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies · doi:10.53894/ijirss.v8i3.6747 · Cited by 4
Cwynar, A., Białowolski, P., Porzak, R., & Węziak‐Białowolska, D. (2025) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70083 · Cited by 4
Financial literacy programs in school settings: a scoping review
Molin, F., Lipsch-Wijnen, I., Vandebeek, A., & Peters, G.-J. (2025) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2025.100732 · Cited by 4
Potts, N., Grable, J. E., & Murphy, R. O. (2025) · Financial Planning Review · doi:10.1002/cfp2.70020 · Cited by 4
Phung, A. T., Luong, T. H., & Pham, H. G. (2025) · Journal of Education for Business · doi:10.1080/08832323.2025.2584077 · Cited by 4
Yadav, M., Kathuria, A., Chopra, N., & Singh, A. (2026) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01715-4_7 · Cited by 4
From Theory to Debt Decisions: Evidence on Financial Literacy Among University Students
Kovalová, E., Ďurana, P., Zvaríková, K., & Trulikova, I. (2026) · Economies · doi:10.3390/economies14030100 · Cited by 4
From Financial Literacy to Investment Intention: The Sequential Roles of Risk Perception and Trust
Pelawi, J. B., Sumiati, S., Ratnawati, K., & Juwita, H. A. J. (2026) · Journal of risk and financial management · doi:10.3390/jrfm19070467 · Cited by 4
Az egyéni pénzügyi döntéseket determináló szocializáció a pénzügyi műveltség aspektusából
Csiszárik-Kocsír, Á. (2022) · Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly · doi:10.35551/psz_2022_4_6 · Cited by 4
Financial Education in Secondary Education: A Cross-Country Analysis
López-Agudo, L. A., & Gutiérrez, Ó. D. M. (2023) · CESifo Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/cesifo/ifad002 · Cited by 4
Educación financiera de universitarios: implicaciones del manejo en tarjetas de crédito
González, N. N. R., Reyes, V. C., & Ocampo, M. J. M. (2023) · Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i3.6509 · Cited by 4
Gladstone, J. J., & Hundtofte, C. S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290506 · Cited by 4
Filbeck, G., Pettner, J., & Zhao, X. (2023) · Financial Services Review · doi:10.61190/fsr.v28i4.3435 · Cited by 4
Individual investment adaptations to COVID-19 lockdowns
Huang, B., Wang, B., & Chen, Z. (2023) · The North American Journal of Economics and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.najef.2023.102071 · Cited by 4
Fortunati, F., & Winther, E. (2024) · Unterrichtswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s42010-024-00201-9 · Cited by 4
Naibaho, R. K. M., Sidabutar, S. M., & Hartati, R. (2024) · Fonologi Jurnal Ilmuan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris · doi:10.61132/fonologi.v2i4.1251 · Cited by 4
Understanding Financial Vulnerability Among Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United States
Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., Sconti, A., & Sticha, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198939030.003.0012 · Cited by 4
Financial Issues of African Americans
Anong, S. T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28887-1_18 · Cited by 4
Ten Economic Facts about Financial Well-Being in Retirement
Boddy, D., Dokko, J. K., Hershbein, B. J., & Kearney, M. S. (2015) · Cited by 4
Zhang, Y., & Zhuang, T. (2022) · International Conference on Big Data, Information and Computer Network (BDICN) · doi:10.1109/bdicn55575.2022.00066 · Cited by 4
RAMPRAKASH, K. K. K. R. (2023) · Russian Law Journal · doi:10.52783/rlj.v11i5s.956 · Cited by 4
Turhan, G. T. (2020) · Maliye Finans Yazıları · doi:10.33203/mfy.711089 · Cited by 4
Treger, S. (2021) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-021-09782-4 · Cited by 4
Rasheed, M. H., Rafique, A., Kalim, U., & Gul, F. (2021) · Journal of Quantitative Methods · doi:10.29145/jqm.52.06 · Cited by 6
Habil, Á. C.-K., & Varga, J. (2022) · PEOPLE International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.20319/pijss.2022.83.5466 · Cited by 4
Fadlon, I., Laird, J., & Nielsen, T. H. (2016) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20150015 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Hastings, J. S., Madrian, B. C., & Skimmyhorn, W. L.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- William & Mary (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Economics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2013-08-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 347-373
- ISSN
- 1941-1383 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1391
- PMC
- PMC3753821
- OpenAlex
- W2145814463
- Cited by
- 1,041
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 13
- FWCI
- 36.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Economics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG021650, R01AG032411, P01AG005842)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD041020)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Financial Literacy and Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- financial literacy, financial education, measurement of financial literacy, informed choice, consumer protection, financial education policy, financial products
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
