The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Economic Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
In this article, we review the literature on financial literacy, financial education, and consumer financial outcomes. We consider how financial literacy is measured in the current literature and examine how well the existing literature addresses whether financial education improves financial literacy or personal financial outcomes. We discuss the extent to which a competitive market provides incentives for firms to educate consumers or to offer products that facilitate informed choice. We review the literature on alternative policies to improve financial outcomes and compare the evidence with that on the efficacy and cost of financial education. Finally, we discuss directions for future research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Besides, study designs usually do not permit participants to tap into other sources of information in order to prepare their decisions.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Financial literacy programmes reduce information asymmetry by equipping borrowers with knowledge needed to make informed repayment decisions (Hastings et al., 2013;Lusardi & Mitchell, 2014).”
From Drivers of willingness to repay Parish Revolving funds (PRF) under Uganda’s Parish Development Model: a Bayesian Latent Class Logistic Regression (LCLR) approach (2026) · cites this paper as Hastings et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) argument that financial education improves understanding of credit terms.”
From Drivers of willingness to repay Parish Revolving funds (PRF) under Uganda’s Parish Development Model: a Bayesian Latent Class Logistic Regression (LCLR) approach (2026) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, the authors criticize that surveys eliciting financial literacy levels do not incentivize respondents to provide carefully considered answers reflecting their actual knowledge.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) emphasize that it is generally unclear if questions are a suitable means for measuring financial capability and, if so, which questions lend themselves most effectively for identifying it.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) document that respondents with higher cognitive abilities and more comfortable with numerical calculations on average exhibit higher levels of financial literacy.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“it complicates interpreting the magnitudes of the estimated effects as they are almost surely upwardly biased in magnitude (Hastings et al. 2013).”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hastings et al. (2013) report that financial education interventions in the U.S. date back as long as to the 1950s.”
From Financial literacy, financial advice, and financial behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hastings et al. (2013)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness
Adkisson, R. V. (2008) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2008.09.003 · Cited by 5,706
Are Investors Reluctant to Realize Their Losses?
Terrance Odean, B. (1998) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00072 · Cited by 3,886
Financial literacy and stock market participation
van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2011) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.006 · Cited by 3,554 · cited 2×
“…both self-reported financial confidence and a test-based measure of financial literacy predict self-reported retirement planning and saving, and van Rooij et al. (2011) find that both self-perceived financial knowledge and a test-based measure of financial literacy predict stock market…”
The Technology of Skill Formation
Cunha, F., & Heckman, J. J. (2007) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.97.2.31 · Cited by 3,297
Allen, C. L., & Friedman, M. (1954) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1053873 · Cited by 3,288
The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior
Madrian, B. C., & Shea, D. F. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355301753265543 · Cited by 3,119
Self-citationHutchison, T. W., & Friedman, M. (1954) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2228046 · Cited by 3,025
Save More Tomorrow™: Using Behavioral Economics to Increase Employee Saving
Thaler, R. H., & Benartzi, S. (2004) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/380085 · Cited by 2,486
Campbell, J. Y. (2006) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00883.x · Cited by 2,366
Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation
Cunha, F., Heckman, J. J., & Schennach, S. M. (2010) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta6551 · Cited by 1,949
(2003) · Federal Reserve Bulletin · Cited by 1,764
The Economics and Psychology of Personality Traits
Borghans, L., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J. J., & ter Weel, B. (2008) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.43.4.972 · Cited by 1,697
Shrouded Attributes, Consumer Myopia, and Information Suppression in Competitive Markets
Gabaix, X., & Laibson, D. (2006) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.2006.121.2.505 · Cited by 1,566
What Drives Media Slant? Evidence From U.S. Daily Newspapers
Gentzkow, M. A., & Shapiro, J. M. (2010) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta7195 · Cited by 1,559
Debt literacy, financial experiences, and overindebtedness
LUSARDI, A., & TUFANO, P. (2015) · Journal of Pension Economics and Finance · doi:10.1017/s1474747215000232 · Cited by 1,412
Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/499414 · Cited by 1,274
Gross, D. B., & Souleles, N. S. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355302753399472 · Cited by 867
Campbell, J. Y., Giglio, S., & Pathak, P. A. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.5.2108 · Cited by 850
The Age of Reason: Financial Decisions over the Life Cycle and Implications for Regulation
Agarwal, S. D., Driscoll, J. C., Gabaix, X., & Laibson, D. (2009) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · doi:10.1353/eca.0.0067 · Cited by 849
Defining and Measuring Financial Literacy
Hung, A., Parker, A. M., & Yoong, J. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1498674 · Cited by 835
Exponential Growth Bias and Household Finance
STANGO, V., & ZINMAN, J. (2009) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01518.x · Cited by 828
Keeping It Simple: Financial Literacy and Rules of Thumb
Drexler, A., Fischer, G., & Schoar, A. (2014) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.6.2.1 · Cited by 800
Present-Biased Preferences and Credit Card Borrowing
Meier, S., & Sprenger, C. D. (2009) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.2.1.193 · Cited by 798
Education and Saving: The Long-Term Effects of High School Financial Curriculum Mandates
Bernheim, B. D., Garrett, D. M., & Maki, D. M. (1997) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w6085 · Cited by 793
The effects of financial education in the workplace: evidence from a survey of households
Bernheim, B. D., & Garrett, D. M. (2002) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00184-0 · Cited by 758
Optimal Financial Knowledge and Wealth Inequality
Lusardi, A., Michaud, P.-C., & Mitchell, O. S. (2017) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/690950 · Cited by 690
Investor Competence, Trading Frequency, and Home Bias
Graham, J. R., Harvey, C. R., & Huang, H. (2005) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1090.1009 · Cited by 669
Gentzkow, M. A., & Shapiro, J. M. (2005) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w11664 · Cited by 631
Wealth Accumulation and the Propensity to Plan
Ameriks, J., Caplin, A., & Leahy, J. V. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/00335530360698487 · Cited by 602
What Drives Media Slant? Evidence from U.S. Daily Newspapers
Gentzkow, M. A., & Shapiro, J. M. (2006) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w12707 · Cited by 579
Agnew, J. R., & Szykman, L. R. (2005) · Journal of Behavioral Finance · doi:10.1207/s15427579jpfm0602_2 · Cited by 561
Prices or Knowledge? What Drives Demand for Financial Services in Emerging Markets?
Cole, S. A., Sampson, T., & Zia, B. (2011) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01696.x · Cited by 549
Financial Literacy and Planning: Implications for Retirement Well-being
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696819.003.0002 · Cited by 521
Financial literacy and retirement planning in Germany
Bucher‐Koenen, T., & Lusardi, A. (2011) · Journal of Pensions Economics and Finance · doi:10.1017/s1474747211000485 · Cited by 514
Why Does the Law of One Price Fail? An Experiment on Index Mutual Funds
Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., & Madrian, B. C. (2009) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhp097 · Cited by 495
Self-citationMeasuring the Financial Sophistication of Households
Calvet, L. E., Campbell, J. Y., & Sodini, P. (2009) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.99.2.393 · Cited by 494
Financial Literacy and Retirement Planning: New Evidence from the Rand American Life PanelPreprint
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1095869 · Cited by 448
Bernheim, B. D., Garrett, D. M., & Maki, D. M. (2001) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/s0047-2727(00)00120-1 · Cited by 433 · cited 3×
“…when states began mandating the inclusion of personal finance, economics, and other consumer education topics in the K-12 educational curriculum (Bernheim et al. 2001).2 Private financial and 2By 2011, economic education had been incorporated into the K-12 educational standards of every state…”
Campbell, J. Y., Jackson, H. E., Madrian, B. C., & Tufano, P. (2011) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.25.1.91 · Cited by 427
Self-citationThe Financial Education Fallacy
Willis, L. E. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.3.429 · Cited by 402
Against Financial Literacy Education
Willis, L. E. (2008) · Cited by 381
Prices or Knowledge? What Drives Demand for Financial Services in Emerging Markets?
Cole, S. A., Sampson, T. G., & Zia, B. (2010) · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 378
Servon, L. J., & Kaestner, R. J. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2008.00108.x · Cited by 367
Financial Literacy, Retirement Planning and Household Wealth†
van Rooij, M. V., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2012) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02501.x · Cited by 364
The Importance of Default Options for Retirement Savings Outcomes: Evidence from the United States
Beshears, J. L., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., & Madrian, B. C. (2006) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w12009 · Cited by 354
Self-citation$100 Bills on the Sidewalk: Suboptimal Investment in 401(k) Plans
Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., & Madrian, B. C. (2011) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00100 · Cited by 354
Self-citationMeasuring the Financial Sophistication of Households
Calvet, L. E., Campbell, J., & Sodini, P. (2009) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w14699 · Cited by 353
Understanding Pensions: Cognitive Function, Numerical Ability and Retirement Saving*
Banks, J., & Oldfield, Z. (2007) · Fiscal Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2007.00052.x · Cited by 345
Gerardi, K., Goette, L. F., & Meier, S. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1600905 · Cited by 335
Financial Literacy, Information, and Demand Elasticity: Survey and Experimental Evidence from Mexico
Hastings, J., & Tejeda-Ashton, L. (2008) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w14538 · Cited by 334
Self-citationThe Market for Financial Advice: An Audit Study
Mullainathan, S., Nöth, M., & Antoinette Schoar, B. (2012) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w17929 · Cited by 334
Financial Literacy of High School Students
Mandell, L. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75734-6_10 · Cited by 333
Financial Literacy and Planning: Implications for Retirement WellbeingPreprint
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.881847 · Cited by 332
The Economics and Psychology of Personality Traits
Borghans, L., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J. J., & ter Weel, B. (2008) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w13810 · Cited by 328
How financial literacy and impatience shape retirement wealth and investment behaviors
Hastings, J., & Mitchell, O. S. (2018) · Journal of Pensions Economics and Finance · doi:10.1017/s1474747218000227 · Cited by 314
Self-citationFinancial literacy and retirement preparation in the Netherlands
Alessie, R. J. M., van Rooij, M., & Lusardi, A. (2011) · Journal of Pensions Economics and Finance · doi:10.1017/s1474747211000461 · Cited by 302
Financial literacy and retirement planning in Japan
Sekita, S. (2011) · Journal of Pensions Economics and Finance · doi:10.1017/s1474747211000527 · Cited by 291
Ellison, G. (2005) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/120.2.585 · Cited by 275
Unpacking the Causal Chain of Financial Literacy
Carpena, F., Cole, S. A., Shapiro, J., & Zia, B. (2011) · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-5798 · Cited by 230
Adverse Selection in the Credit Card Market
Ausubel, L. M. (1999) · Cited by 227
OECD (2005) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/9789264012578-en · Cited by 206
Saving and the Effectiveness of Financial Education
Lusardi, A. (2004) · doi:10.1093/0199273391.003.0009 · Cited by 200
Financial Education and Counseling - Still Holding Promise
Collins, J. M., & O’Rourke, C. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01179.x · Cited by 197
Lessons from Pension Reform in the Americas
Martínez Franzoni, J. (2007) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226801.001.0001 · Cited by 195
Asset allocation and asset location: household evidence from the survey of consumer finances
Bergstresser, D. B., & Poterba, J. M. (2003) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.07.001 · Cited by 182
Payday Loans and Credit Cards: New Liquidity and Credit Scoring Puzzles?
Agarwal, S. D., Skiba, P. M., & Tobacman, J. (2009) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.99.2.412 · Cited by 176
Aging and Strategic Learning: The Impact of Spousal Incentives on Financial Literacy
Hsu, J. W. (2015) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.51.4.1014-6712r · Cited by 164
Are individual investors tax savvy? Evidence from retail and discount brokerage accounts
Barber, B. M., & Terrance Odean, B. (2003) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/s0047-2727(02)00217-7 · Cited by 154
Inappropriate Confidence and Retirement Planning: Four Studies with a National Sample
Parker, A. M., de Bruin, W. B., Yoong, J., & Willis, R. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.745 · Cited by 152
The Market for Financial Advice: An Audit StudyPreprint
Mullainathan, S., Nöth, M., & Antoinette Schoar, B. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1572334 · Cited by 150
Financial Literacy and Retirement Planning: New Evidence from the Rand American Life PanelPreprint
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 126
Che, Y., Dessein, W., & Kartik, N. (2013) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.103.1.47 · Cited by 122
A Literature Review on the Effectiveness of Financial EducationPreprint
Martin, M. P. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2186650 · Cited by 108
The impacts of mandatory financial education: Evidence from a randomized field study
Collins, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2012.08.011 · Cited by 106
Fettered Consumers and Sophisticated Firms: Evidence from Mexico's Privatized Social Security Market
Duarte, F., & Hastings, J. (2012) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w18582 · Cited by 98
Self-citationDo Financial Education Programs Work?
Hathaway, I., & Khatiwada, S. (2008) · Working paper · doi:10.26509/frbc-wp-200803 · Cited by 95
Optimal Financial Knowledge and Wealth InequalityPreprint
Lusardi, A., Michaud, P., & Mitchell, O. S. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2249725 · Cited by 95
Optimal Financial Knowledge and Wealth Inequality
Lusardi, A., Michaud, P.-C., & Mitchell, O. (2013) · doi:10.3386/w18669 · Cited by 89
The tradeoff between mortgage prepayments and tax-deferred retirement savings
Amromin, G., Huang, J. C., & Sialm, C. (2007) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.03.011 · Cited by 89
Financial Literacy: What Works? How Could it be More Effective?Preprint
Gale, W. G., & Levine, R. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1758910 · Cited by 64
Anagol, S., Cole, S. A., & Sarkar, S. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1978876 · Cited by 51
Advertising and Competition in Privatized Social Security: The Case of Mexico �
Hastings, J., Hortaçsu, A., & Syverson, C. (2013) · Cited by 48
Self-citationLearning in the Credit Card MarketPreprint
Agarwal, S. D., Driscoll, J. C., Gabaix, X., & Laibson, D. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1091623 · Cited by 48
Financial Literacy: What Works? How Could it Be More Effective?Preprint
Gale, W. G., & Levine, R. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2316933 · Cited by 48
The Case for Behaviorally Informed Regulation
Barr, M. S., Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. B. (2009) · bepress Legal Repository · Cited by 45
The Effects of Perceived and Actual Financial Knowledge on Credit Card BehaviorPreprint
Allgood, S., & Walstad, W. B. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1896365 · Cited by 36
Hastings, J., Hortaçsu, A., & Syverson, C. (2013) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w18881 · Cited by 34
Self-citationDoes Financial Education Affect Soldiers’ Financial Behavior?Preprint
Bell, C. J., Gorin, D. R., & Hogarth, J. M. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1445635 · Cited by 34
Keeping it Simple: Financial Literacy and Rules of Thumb
Drexler, A. H., Fischer, G., & Schoar, A. (2010) · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 34
Aging and Strategic Learning: The Impact of Spousal Incentives on Financial LiteracyPreprint
Hsu, J. W. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1824581 · Cited by 34
Cognitive abilities and portfolio choice
Christelis, D., Jappelli, T., & Padula, M. (2010) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.04.001 · Cited by 30
Do Smart Investors Outperform Dumb Investors
Grinblatt, M. S., Keloharju, M., & Linnainmaa, J. T. (2010) · Cited by 28
The Tradeoff Between Mortgage Prepayments and Tax-Deferred Retirement SavingsPreprint
Huang, J. C., Amromin, G., & Sialm, C. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.891546 · Cited by 21
Effectiveness of online early intervention financial education programs for credit-card holdersPreprint
Gartner, K. M., & Todd, R. M. (2005) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 13
Essays in Behavioral Household Finance
Skimmyhorn, W. (2012) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 13
Self-citation(2014) · Praeger eBooks · doi:10.5040/9798216003014.0283 · Cited by 7
A literature review on the effectiveness of financial education
Martin, M. P. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 6
The Evolution of the Credit Counseling Industry in the United States
Staten, M. E. (2006) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2607.003.0009 · Cited by 6
Junior Achievement, a history : a personal account of managing change from drill press to computer
Francomano, J. (1988) · Cited by 4
Financial education: Does it work and how do we know?
Bell, C., Gorin, D. R., & Hogarth, J. M. (2009) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 32
- Barr MS, 2009, Behavioral Foundations of Policy, 25
- Bell C, 2008, Community Invest., 21, 15
- 10.1353/jhr.2008.0017 · DOI
- Boyce L, 2004, Evaluation of the NEFE High School Financial Planning Program Curriculum: 1997–1998
- Brobeck S, 1990, U.S. Consumer Knowledge: Results of a Nationwide Test
- Brobeck S, 1991, U.S. High School Student Consumer Knowledge: A Nationwide Test
- Brobeck S, 1993, College Student Consumer Knowledge: The Results of a Nationwide Test
- Brobeck S, 1998, American Consumers Get Mixed Grades on Consumer Literacy Quiz
- Campbell JY, 2010, Work. Pap., RWP10
- Cole SA, 2012, Is high school the right time to teach self-control? The effect of education on financial behavior
- Collins JM, 2009, Building Indicators Measures: Analysis and Recommendations
- Council for Economic Education, 2011, Rep.
- Coussens MD, 2006, Consum. Interests Annu., 52, 315
- Duarte F, 2012, NBER Work. Pap., 18582
- Ellison G, 2005, Q. J. Econ., 120, 585
- Figlio D, 2011, Do children lose more than a home? The effects of foreclosure on children’s education outcomes
- Hastings JS, 2013, Results from the 2010–2011 Mexican Encuesta de Empleyo Retiro y Ahorro
- Hastings JS, 2013, Prisoner’s dilemma? Informative vs. persuasive advertising for a savings account
- Hastings JS, 2013, College education and loan choices: survey and field evidence from Chile
- Hastings JS, 2011, NBER Work. Pap., 16740
- Hastings JS, 2008, NBER Work. Pap., 14538
- Hilgert MA, 2003, Fed. Reserve Bull., 89, 309
- Hogarth JM, 2006, Financial education and economic development
- Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy, 2006, Rep.
- Kimball M, 2006, Investor sophistication and the participation, home bias, diversification, and employer stock puzzle
- Lusardi A, 2011, Rep.
- Lusardi A, 2009, NBER Work. Pap., 15350
- Lusardi A, 2009, NBER Work. Pap., 14808
- Mandell L, 2009, The Financial Literacy of Young American Adults: Results of the 2008 National Jump$tart Coalition Survey of High School Seniors and College Students
- Ponce-Rodriguez A, 2008, Teaser rate offers in the credit card market: evidence from Mexico
- Willis LE, 2008, Iowa Law Rev., 94, 197
- Willis LE, 2009, San Diego Law Rev, 46, 415
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy: Theory and Evidence
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.52.1.5 · Cited by 4,698
Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Downstream Financial Behaviors
Fernandes, D., Lynch, J. G., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2014) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2013.1849 · Cited by 2,152
Financial literacy: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis
Goyal, K., & Kumar, S. (2020) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12605 · Cited by 1,482
THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED AND ACTUAL FINANCIAL LITERACY ON FINANCIAL BEHAVIORS
Allgood, S., & Walstad, W. B. (2016) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12255 · Cited by 620
How Financially Literate Are Women? An Overview and New Insights
Bucher‐Koenen, T., Lusardi, A., Alessie, R. J. M., & van Rooij, M. (2016) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12121 · Cited by 620
Metadata
- Authors
- Hastings, J. S., Madrian, B. C., & Skimmyhorn, W. L.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- William & Mary (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Economics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2013-08-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 347-373
- ISSN
- 1941-1383 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1391
- PMC
- PMC3753821
- OpenAlex
- W2145814463
- Cited by
- 1,041
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 13
- FWCI
- 36.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Economics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG021650, R01AG032411, P01AG005842)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD041020)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Financial Literacy and Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- financial literacy, financial education, measurement of financial literacy, informed choice, consumer protection, financial education policy, financial products
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
