The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve?
Open accessAbstract
Despite three decades of political efforts and a wealth of research on the causes and catastrophic impacts of climate change, global carbon dioxide emissions have continued to rise and are 60% higher today than they were in 1990. Exploring this rise through nine thematic lenses—covering issues of climate governance, the fossil fuel industry, geopolitics, economics, mitigation modeling, energy systems, inequity, lifestyles, and social imaginaries—draws out multifaceted reasons for our collective failure to bend the global emissions curve. However, a common thread that emerges across the reviewed literature is the central role of power, manifest in many forms, from a dogmatic political-economic hegemony and influential vested interests to narrow techno-economic mindsets and ideologies of control. Synthesizing the various impediments to mitigation reveals how delivering on the commitments enshrined in the Paris Agreement now requires an urgent and unprecedented transformation away from today's carbon- and energy-intensive development paradigm.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review
Stern, N. (2007) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511817434 · Cited by 8,371
Collective action and the evolution of social norms.
Ostrom, E. (2000) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.14.3.137 · Cited by 4,195
The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration
Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O., & Ludwig, C. (2015) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019614564785 · Cited by 3,935
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Sands, P. (1992) · Review of European Community & International Environmental Law · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9388.1992.tb00046.x · Cited by 3,601
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-6243 · Cited by 3,579
Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene
Steffen, W., Rockström, J., Richardson, K., Lenton, T. M., Folke, C., Liverman, D., Summerhayes, C. P., Barnosky, A. D., Cornell, S. E., Crucifix, M., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1810141115 · Cited by 3,139 · cited 7×
“One increasingly common way to relate to this predicament, across disciplinary domains, is through the lens of the Anthropocene.”
InfluentialStructural causes and regime consequences: regimes as intervening variables
Krasner, S. D. (1982) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300018920 · Cited by 2,659
Dreamscapes of Modernity: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and the Fabrication of Power
Jasanoff, S., & Kim, S.-H. (2015) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226276663.001.0001 · Cited by 2,008
Green Grabbing: a new appropriation of nature?
Fairhead, J., Leach, M., & Scoones, I. (2012) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2012.671770 · Cited by 1,928
Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M. W., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., et al. (2019) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019 · Cited by 1,657
Self-citation
Cited by
The unbearable heaviness of climate coloniality
Sultana, F. (2022) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102638 · Cited by 952
Nguyen, T. T., Grote, U., Neubacher, F., Rahut, D. B., Do, M. H., & Paudel, G. P. (2023) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101322 · Cited by 431
Pathways to a healthy net-zero future: report of the Lancet Pathfinder Commission
Whitmee, S., Green, R., Belesova, K., Hassan, S., Cuevas, S., Murage, P., Picetti, R., Clercq-Roques, R., Murray, K., Falconer, J., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02466-2 · Cited by 112
Sustainability in computing education: A systematic literature review
Peters, A.-K., Capilla, R., Coroamă, V. C., Heldal, R., Lago, P., Leifler, O., Moreira, A., Fernandes, J. P., Penzenstadler, B., Porras, J., et al. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Computing Education · doi:10.1145/3639060 · Cited by 78
Dunlap, A., & Tornel, C. (2025) · Globalizations · doi:10.1080/14747731.2024.2349317 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Stoddard, I., Anderson, K., Capstick, S., Carton, W., Depledge, J., Facer, K., Gough, C., Hache, F., Hoolohan, C., Hultman, M., Hällström, N., Kartha, S., Klinsky, S., Kuchler, M., Lövbrand, E., Nasiritousi, N., Newell, P., Peters, G. P., Sokona, Y., Stirling, A., Stilwell, M., Spash, C. L., & Williams, M.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2021-10-18
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 653-689
- ISSN
- 1543-5938 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2050
- OpenAlex
- W3137382114
- Cited by
- 574
- References
- 150
- FWCI
- 20.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011104
- The paper
- Stoddard, I., Anderson, K., Capstick, S., Carton, W., Depledge, J., Facer, K., Gough, C., Hache, F., Hoolohan, C., Hultman, M., Hällström, N., Kartha, S., Klinsky, S., Kuchler, M., Lövbrand, E., Nasiritousi, N., Newell, P., Peters, G. P., Sokona, Y., . . . Williams, M. (2021). Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve? Annual Review of Environment and Resources. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011104
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.