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Cited by 161Neuroscience of respiration and sleepHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlRespiratory and Cough-Related Research

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Breathing Rhythm and Pattern and Their Influence on Emotion

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Ashhad, Sufyan, Kam, Kaiwen, Del Negro, Christopher A., Feldman, Jack L.·2022·Annual Review of Neuroscience
DOI 10.1146/annurev-neuro-090121-014424PMC PMC9840384
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Abstract

Breathing is a vital rhythmic motor behavior with a surprisingly broad influence on the brain and body. The apparent simplicity of breathing belies a complex neural control system, the breathing central pattern generator (bCPG), that exhibits diverse operational modes to regulate gas exchange and coordinate breathing with an array of behaviors. In this review, we focus on selected advances in our understanding of the bCPG. At the core of the bCPG is the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), which drives inspiratory rhythm via an unexpectedly sophisticated emergent mechanism. Synchronization dynamics underlying preBötC rhythmogenesis imbue the system with robustness and lability. These dynamics are modulated by inputs from throughout the brain and generate rhythmic, patterned activity that is widely distributed. The connectivity and an emerging literature support a link between breathing, emotion, and cognition that is becoming experimentally tractable. These advances bring great potential for elucidating function and dysfunction in breathing and other mammalian neural circuits.

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Metadata

Authors
Ashhad, S., Kam, K., Del Negro, C. A., & Feldman, J. L.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
  • Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Corresponding author
Feldman, Jack L.
ORCID
Venue
Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2022-07-08
Volume
45
Issue
1
Pages
223-247
ISSN
  • 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4126
DOI
10.1146/annurev-neuro-090121-014424
PMC
PMC9840384
OpenAlex
W4220914976
Cited by
161
References
207
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 11
FWCI
4.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R35HL135779)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS097492, R21NS114812, R01NS107296)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT009034)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Keywords
respiratory rhythm, pre-Bötzinger complex, synchronization dynamics, neural oscillations, neural circuits, respiratory control
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Emotions, Mammals, Respiration, Respiratory Center

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