The emotional brain

An argument for basic emotions

Ekman, P. (1992) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939208411068 · Cited by 9,646 · see citing works

Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.

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Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex

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A PROPOSED MECHANISM OF EMOTION

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Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI

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The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex

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Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala.

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A continuous performance test of brain damage

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Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex

Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.377 · Cited by 2,205 · see citing works

A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions

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Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala

Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30976 · Cited by 1,665 · see citing works

A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear

Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1680 · Cited by 1,349 · see citing works

The amygdala and reward

Baxter, M. G., & Murray, E. A. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn875 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works

Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention

Pessoa, L., McKenna, M., Gutierrez, E., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.172403899 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works

Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: A meta-analysis

MURPHY, F. C., NIMMO-SMITH, I., & LAWRENCE, A. D. (2003) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.3.3.207 · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works

Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions

Panksepp, J. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00012759 · Cited by 999 · see citing works

Neuropsychology of fear and loathing

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Neural correlates of levels of emotional awareness: evidence of an interaction between emotion and attention in the anterior cingulate cortex.

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Cognitive Approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Evolution of Multirepresentational Theorizing.

Dalgleish, T. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.228 · Cited by 498 · see citing works

Impaired declarative memory for emotional material following bilateral amygdala damage in humans.

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Self-referential processing in our brain—A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self

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Affective picture processing: An integrative review of ERP findings

Olofsson, J. K., Nordin, S., Sequeira, H., & Polich, J. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.11.006 · Cited by 1,595 · see citing works

Amygdala–frontal connectivity during emotion regulation

Banks, S. J., Eddy, K. T., Angstadt, M., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2007) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsm029 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works

Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: positive and negative urgency

Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0013341 · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders

Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works

Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology

Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S., & Penn, D. L. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.002 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works

Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: effects of meditative expertise

Lutz, A., Brefczynski-Lewis, J., Johnstone, T., & Davidson, R. J. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001897 · Cited by 942 · see citing works

The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation

Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T., & Lawrence, A. D. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.07.001 · Cited by 894 · see citing works

Emotion recognition using multi-modal data and machine learning techniques: A tutorial and review

Zhang, J., Yin, Z., Chen, P., & Nichele, S. (2020) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2020.01.011 · Cited by 806 · see citing works

The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law

Diamond, D. M., Campbell, A. M., Park, C. R., Halonen, J., & Zoladz, P. R. (2007) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2007/60803 · Cited by 762 · see citing works

The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction

Bubb, E. J., Metzler-Baddeley, C., & Aggleton, J. P. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.008 · Cited by 740 · see citing works

Towards a neural basis of music-evoked emotions

Koelsch, S. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.002 · Cited by 651 · see citing works

Neurocognitive bases of emotion regulation development in adolescence

Ahmed, S. P., Bittencourt-Hewitt, A., & Sebastian, C. L. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.006 · Cited by 621 · see citing works

Evolution of a Vertebrate Social Decision-Making Network

O’Connell, L. A., & Hofmann, H. A. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1218889 · Cited by 608 · see citing works

The Runner's High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain

Boecker, H., Sprenger, T., Spilker, M. E., Henriksen, G., Koppenhoefer, M., Wagner, K. J., Valet, M., Berthele, A., & Tolle, T. R. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn013 · Cited by 527 · see citing works

Putting together phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on empathy

Decety, J., & Svetlova, M. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.003 · Cited by 508 · see citing works

The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: implications for intervention across different clinical conditions

Decety, J., & Moriguchi, Y. (2007) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-22 · Cited by 497 · see citing works

Nine-year prospective efficacy and safety of brain-responsive neurostimulation for focal epilepsy

Nair, D. R., Laxer, K. D., Weber, P. B., Murro, A. M., Park, Y. D., Barkley, G. L., Smith, B. J., Gwinn, R. P., Doherty, M. J., Noe, K. H., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010154 · Cited by 490 · see citing works

Brain circuit dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder: from mouse to man

Fenster, R. J., Lebois, L. A. M., Ressler, K. J., & Suh, J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0039-7 · Cited by 456 · see citing works

Misophonia: Diagnostic Criteria for a New Psychiatric Disorder

Schröder, A., Vulink, N., & Denys, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054706 · Cited by 410 · see citing works

Two types of aggression in human evolution.

Wrangham, R. W. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1713611115 · Cited by 410 · see citing works

Contributions of the insula to cognition and emotion

Gasquoine, P. G. (2014) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9246-9 · Cited by 400 · see citing works

Interoception in emotional experience

Wiens, S. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000168079.92106.99 · Cited by 356 · see citing works

Brain–gut connections in functional GI disorders: Anatomic and physiologic relationships

Jones, M. P., Dilley, J. B., Drossman, D., & Crowell, M. D. (2006) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00730.x · Cited by 358 · see citing works

Hippocampus and Amygdala Morphology in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Plessen, K. J., Bansal, R., Zhu, H., Whiteman, R., Amat, J., Quackenbush, G. A., Martin, L., Durkin, K., Blair, C., Royal, J., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.795 · Cited by 347 · see citing works

God’s punishment and public goods: A test of the supernatural punishment hypothesis in 186 world cultures

Johnson, D. D. P. (2005) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-005-1017-0 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Neural systems of positive affect: relevance to understanding child and adolescent depression?

FORBES, E. E., & DAHL, R. E. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940505039x · Cited by 318 · see citing works

The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health

Herz, R. (2016) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci6030022 · Cited by 310 · see citing works

The cerebellum and emotional experience

Turner, B. M., Paradiso, S., Marvel, C. L., Pierson, R., Boles Ponto, L. L., Hichwa, R. D., & Robinson, R. G. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.09.023 · Cited by 310 · see citing works

The vulcanization of the human brain: A neural perspective on interactions between cognition and emotion

Cohen, J. D. (2005) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/089533005775196750 · Cited by 304 · see citing works

Threat and the body: how the heart supports fear processing

Garfinkel, S. N., & Critchley, H. D. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.005 · Cited by 298 · see citing works

Hippocampal—diencephalic—cingulate networks for memory and emotion: an anatomical guide

Bubb, E. J., Kinnavane, L., & Aggleton, J. P. (2017) · Brain and Neuroscience Advances · doi:10.1177/2398212817723443 · Cited by 234 · see citing works

Separate Neural Mechanisms Underlie Choices and Strategic Preferences in Risky Decision Making

Venkatraman, V., Payne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., Luce, M. F., & Huettel, S. A. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.04.007 · Cited by 222 · see citing works

Sleep deprivation biases the neural mechanisms underlying economic preferences

Venkatraman, V., Huettel, S. A., Chuah, L. Y. M., Payne, J. W., & Chee, M. W. L. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4407-10.2011 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

The development of the ventral prefrontal cortex and social flexibility

Nelson, E. E., & Guyer, A. E. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.01.002 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Bilateral thermal capsulotomy with MR-guided focused ultrasound for patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a proof-of-concept study

Jung, H. H., Kim, S. J., Roh, D., Chang, J. G., Chang, W. S., Kweon, E. J., Kim, C.-H., & Chang, J. W. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.154 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Neural basis of maternal communication and emotional expression processing during infant preverbal stage

Lenzi, D., Trentini, C., Pantano, P., Macaluso, E., Iacoboni, M., Lenzi, G. L., & Ammaniti, M. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn153 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression Informed by Intracranial Recordings

Sheth, S. A., Bijanki, K. R., Metzger, B., Allawala, A., Pirtle, V., Adkinson, J. A., Myers, J., Mathura, R. K., Oswalt, D., Tsolaki, E., et al. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.11.007 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Clinical advances in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a position statement by the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders

Fineberg, N. A., Hollander, E., Pallanti, S., Walitza, S., Grünblatt, E., Dell’Osso, B. M., Albert, U., Geller, D. A., Brakoulias, V., Janardhan Reddy, Y. C., et al. (2020) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000314 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Neurobiological Correlates of EMDR Monitoring – An EEG Study

Pagani, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Verardo, A. R., Nicolais, G., Monaco, L., Lauretti, G., Russo, R., Niolu, C., Ammaniti, M., Fernandez, I., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045753 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

Advances from neuroimaging studies in eating disorders

Frank, G. K. W. (2015) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852915000012 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Threat detection: Behavioral practices in animals and humans

Eilam, D., Izhar, R., & Mort, J. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.002 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Topologically convergent and divergent functional connectivity patterns in unmedicated unipolar depression and bipolar disorder

Wang, Y., Wang, J., Jia, Y., Zhong, S., Zhong, M., Sun, Y., Niu, M., Zhao, L., Zhao, L., Pan, J., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.117 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Brain imaging of the self-conceptual, anatomical and methodological issues

Northoff, G., Qin, P., & Feinberg, T. E. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.011 · Cited by 135 · see citing works

Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Training in Surgery: Additional Analysis of the Mindful Surgeon Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Lebares, C. C., Guvva, E. V., Olaru, M., Sugrue, L. P., Staffaroni, A. M., Delucchi, K. L., Kramer, J. H., Ascher, N. L., & Harris, H. W. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4108 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Infection-induced viscerosensory signals from the gut enhance anxiety: Implications for psychoneuroimmunology

Goehler, L. E., Lyte, M., & Gaykema, R. P. A. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.02.005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Functional and dysfunctional brain circuits underlying emotional processing of music in autism spectrum disorders

Caria, A., Venuti, P., & de Falco, S. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr084 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

A longitudinal study on deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle for treatment-resistant depression

Fenoy, A. J., Schulz, P. E., Selvaraj, S., Burrows, C. L., Zunta-Soares, G., Durkin, K., Zanotti-Fregonara, P., Quevedo, J., & Soares, J. C. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0160-4 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Emotion Processing, Major Depression, and Functional Genetic Variation of Neuropeptide Y

Mickey, B. J., Zhou, Z., Heitzeg, M. M., Heinz, E., Hodgkinson, C. A., Hsu, D. T., Langenecker, S. A., Love, T. M., Peciña, M., Shafir, T., et al. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.197 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Neural correlates of a 'pessimistic' attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

Herwig, U., Kaffenberger, T., Baumgartner, T., & Jäncke, L. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.035 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Reduced amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity in children with autism Spectrum disorder and co-occurring disruptive behavior

Ibrahim, K., Eilbott, J. A., Ventola, P., He, G., Pelphrey, K. A., McCarthy, G., & Sukhodolsky, D. G. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.01.009 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program & Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery

Blum, K., Thompson, B., Demotrovics, Z., Femino, J., Giordano, J., Oscar-Berman, M., Teitelbaum, S., Smith, D. E., Roy, A. K., Agan, G., et al. (2015) · Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome · doi:10.17756/jrds.2015-008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Spirulina prevents memory dysfunction, reduces oxidative stress damage and augments antioxidant activity in senescence-accelerated mice

HWANG, J.-H., LEE, I.-T., JENG, K.-C., WANG, M.-F., HOU, R. C.-W., WU, S.-M., & CHAN, Y.-C. (2011) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.57.186 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

From moral to legal judgment: the influence of normative context in lawyers and other academics

Schleim, S., Spranger, T. M., Erk, S., & Walter, H. (2011) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

A neuroanatomical dissociation for emotion induced by music

Johnsen, E. L., Tranel, D., Lutgendorf, S., & Adolphs, R. (2009) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.011 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Opposing Oxytocin Effects on Intergroup Cooperative Behavior in Intuitive and Reflective Minds

Ma, Y., Liu, Y., Rand, D. G., Heatherton, T. F., & Han, S. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.87 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Brain structural correlates of irritability: Findings in a large healthy cohort

Besteher, B., Squarcina, L., Spalthoff, R., Bellani, M., Gaser, C., Brambilla, P., & Nenadić, I. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23824 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Resting-state amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation is associated with suicidal ideation

Lan, M. J., Rizk, M. M., Pantazatos, S. P., Rubin‐Falcone, H., Miller, J. M., Sublette, M. E., Oquendo, M. A., Keilp, J. G., & Mann, J. J. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22888 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Effects of different AI-driven Chatbot feedback on learning outcomes and brain activity

Yin, J., Xu, H., Pan, Y., & Hu, Y. (2025) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-025-00311-8 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants

Miziev, S., Pawlak, W. A., & Howard, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1320441 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The use of tractography-based targeting in deep brain stimulation for psychiatric indications

Davidson, B., Lipsman, N., Meng, Y., Rabin, J. S., Giacobbe, P., & Hamani, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.588423 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

The pleiotropic contribution of genes in dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways to addiction and related behavioral traits

Antón-Galindo, E., Cabana-Domínguez, J., Torrico, B., Corominas, R., Cormand, B., & Fernàndez-Castillo, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1293663 · Cited by 13 · see citing works