Cited by 304Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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Neuromodulation of Brain State and Behavior

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McCormick, David A., Nestvogel, Dennis B., He, Biyu J.·2020·Annual Review of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100219-105424PMC PMC12237593

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Abstract

Neural activity and behavior are both notoriously variable, with responses differing widely between repeated presentation of identical stimuli or trials. Recent results in humans and animals reveal that these variations are not random in their nature, but may in fact be due in large part to rapid shifts in neural, cognitive, and behavioral states. Here we review recent advances in the understanding of rapid variations in the waking state, how variations are generated, and how they modulate neural and behavioral responses in both mice and humans. We propose that the brain has an identifiable set of states through which it wanders continuously in a nonrandom fashion, owing to the activity of both ascending modulatory and fast-acting corticocortical and subcortical-cortical neural pathways. These state variations provide the backdrop upon which the brain operates, and understanding them is critical to making progress in revealing the neural mechanisms underlying cognition and behavior.

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Additional file 5 of Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
Goc, G. L., Lafaye, J., Karpenko, S., Bormuth, V., Candelier, R., & Debrégeas, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655684
Additional file 4 of Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
Goc, G. L., Lafaye, J., Karpenko, S., Bormuth, V., Candelier, R., & Debrégeas, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655681
Additional file 2 of Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
Goc, G. L., Lafaye, J., Karpenko, S., Bormuth, V., Candelier, R., & Debrégeas, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655672
Additional file 3 of Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
Goc, G. L., Lafaye, J., Karpenko, S., Bormuth, V., Candelier, R., & Debrégeas, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655678
Additional file 1 of Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
Goc, G. L., Lafaye, J., Karpenko, S., Bormuth, V., Candelier, R., & Debrégeas, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655669
Additional file 6 of Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
Goc, G. L., Lafaye, J., Karpenko, S., Bormuth, V., Candelier, R., & Debrégeas, G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655687
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“Readouts of arousal such as pupil dilations or unspecific motor activity have recently been shown to explain a large fraction of neuronal activity across the brain (McCormick et al., 2020; Musall et al., 2019; Stringer et al., 2019).”
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“…systems are robust to such fluctuations in external inputs (Haddad & Marder, 2018) (see Extended Data Figures 1 and 2; although they are subject to internal sources of noise: see Extended Data Figures 2c to 2f), supporting neural states like sleep as described above (McCormick et al., 2020).”
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“And, (ii) the role of GABAergic tone at the network level in providing inhibitory timing that shapes network function (and is directly reflected in beta and gamma rhythm enhancement, reviewed in McCormick et al. 15 ); while such activity is largely balanced between excitation and inhibition at the network level, 28 in…”
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Hasegawa, M., Gruszka, B., Finch, M. S., Athreya, V. J., Milstein, A. D., & Oldenburg, I. A. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.26.734805 · Cited by 1
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Authors: McCormick, D. A., Nestvogel, D. B., & He, B. J.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
NYU Langone Health (US)
Corresponding author: McCormick, David A.
ORCID: McCormick, David A.
Nestvogel, Dennis B.
He, Biyu J.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2020-07-08
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 391-415
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100219-105424
PMC: PMC12237593
OpenAlex: W3014163957
Cited by: 303
References: 167
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 6
FWCI: 4.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC015803)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R35NS097287)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: brain states, neural state transitions, behavioral state transitions, neuromodulation, cortico-cortical pathways, neural variability, cognitive states
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neurons

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Neuromodulation of Brain State and Behavior

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