Cited by 539Bone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and osteoporosis researchBone and Dental Protein Studies

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The Osteocyte: New Insights

Open access

Robling, Alexander G., Bonewald, Lynda F.·2020·Annual Review of Physiology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034332PMC PMC8274561

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Abstract

Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the osteocyte is perhaps among the least studied cells in all of vertebrate biology. Osteocytes are cells embedded in bone, able to modify their surrounding extracellular matrix via specialized molecular remodeling mechanisms that are independent of the bone forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteocytes communicate with osteoclasts and osteoblasts via distinct signaling molecules that include the RankL/OPG axis and the Sost/Dkk1/Wnt axis, among others. Osteocytes also extend their influence beyond the local bone environment by functioning as an endocrine cell that controls phosphate reabsorption in the kidney, insulin secretion in the pancreas, and skeletal muscle function. These cells are also finely tuned sensors of mechanical stimulation to coordinate with effector cells to adjust bone mass, size, and shape to conform to mechanical demands.

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Authors: Robling, A. G., & Bonewald, L. F.
Affiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Bonewald, Lynda F.
ORCID: Robling, Alexander G.
Bonewald, Lynda F.
Venue: Annual Review of Physiology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2020-02-10
Volume: 82
Issue: 1
Pages: 485-506
ISSN: 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
1545-1585
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034332
PMC: PMC8274561
OpenAlex: W3006279369
Cited by: 539
References: 146
Citations by year: 2026: 67 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 26
FWCI: 6.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IK6 BX003783, I01 BX001478)
National Institutes of Health (PO1AG039355)
National Institute on Aging (P01AG039355)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (P01AR046798, R61AR073551, R01AR053237)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Keywords: osteocytes, RANKL/OPG axis, phosphate reabsorption, insulin secretion, skeletal muscle function, mechanotransduction, bone mass regulation, bone formation and resorption
MeSH terms: Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, Animals, Bone and Bones, Humans, Osteocytes, Bone Remodeling

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