Mechanical Stimulation of Bone in Vivo Reduces Osteocyte Expression of Sost/Sclerostin
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Sclerostin, the protein product of the Sost gene, is a potent inhibitor of bone formation. Among bone cells, sclerostin is found nearly exclusively in the osteocytes, the cell type that historically has been implicated in sensing and initiating mechanical signaling. The recent discovery of the antagonistic effects of sclerostin on Lrp5 receptor signaling, a crucial mediator of skeletal mechanotransduction, provides a potential mechanism for the osteocytes to control mechanotransduction, by adjusting their sclerostin (Wnt inhibitory) signal output to modulate Wnt signaling in the effector cell population. We investigated the mechanoregulation of Sost and sclerostin under enhanced (ulnar loading) and reduced (hindlimb unloading) loading conditions. Sost transcripts and sclerostin protein levels were dramatically reduced by ulnar loading. Portions of the ulnar cortex receiving a greater strain stimulus were associated with a greater reduction in Sost staining intensity and sclerostin-positive osteocytes (revealed via in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively) than were lower strain portions of the tissue. Hindlimb unloading yielded a significant increase in Sost expression in the tibia. Modulation of sclerostin levels appears to be a finely tuned mechanism by which osteocytes coordinate regional and local osteogenesis in response to increased mechanical stimulation, perhaps via releasing the local inhibition of Wnt/Lrp5 signaling.
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Mechanical unloading downregulates anabolic factors and stimulates osteocytes to produce sclerostin and DKK-1 (inhibitors of osteoblast activity) and factors that stimulate local osteoclastogenesis.
“On the other hand, mechanical unloading downregulates anabolic factors and stimulates osteocytes to produce sclerostin and DKK-1, which are inhibitors of osteoblast activity [185–188], as well as specific factors that stimulate local osteoclastogenesis [189].”
From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [186]
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- Authors
- Robling, A. G., Niziolek, P. J., Baldridge, L. A., Condon, K. W., Allen, M. R., Alam, I., Mantila, S. M., Gluhak-Heinrich, J., Bellido, T. M., Harris, S. E., & Turner, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Robling, Alexander G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 5866-5875
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996161852
- Cited by
- 1,350
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 104 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 43.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-076007, R01DK076007)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR046530, R01AR046530, AR53237, P01AR046798, AR 46798)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- sclerostin, SOST gene, osteocytes, mechanical stimulation, mechanotransduction, Wnt signaling, hindlimb unloading, bone formation, cortical bone strain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Genetic Markers, Glycoproteins, Male, Osteocytes, Osteogenesis, Rats, Inbred Lew, Tibia, Ulna, Weight-Bearing, In Situ Hybridization, Weightlessness Simulation, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, LDL-Receptor Related Proteins, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Wnt Proteins, Mice, Rats, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5
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