Cited by 944Global Health Workforce IssuesGlobal Maternal and Child HealthHealth and Medical Education

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Community Health Workers in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: An Overview of Their History, Recent Evolution, and Current Effectiveness

Perry, Henry B., Zulliger, Rose, Rogers, Michael M.·2014·Annual Review of Public Health

DOI 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182354

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Abstract

Over the past half-century, community health workers (CHWs) have been a growing force for extending health care and improving the health of populations. Following their introduction in the 1970s, many large-scale CHW programs declined during the 1980s, but CHW programs throughout the world more recently have seen marked growth. Research and evaluations conducted predominantly during the past two decades offer compelling evidence that CHWs are critical for helping health systems achieve their potential, regardless of a country's level of development. In low-income countries, CHWs can make major improvements in health priority areas, including reducing childhood undernutrition, improving maternal and child health, expanding access to family-planning services, and contributing to the control of HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis infections. In many middle-income countries, most notably Brazil, CHWs are key members of the health team and essential for the provision of primary health care and health promotion. In the United States, evidence indicates that CHWs can contribute to reducing the disease burden by participating in the management of hypertension, in the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, in diabetes control, in the management of HIV infection, and in cancer screening, particularly with hard-to-reach subpopulations. This review highlights the history of CHW programs around the world and their growing importance in achieving health for all.

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Authors: Perry, H. B., Zulliger, R., & Rogers, M. M.
Affiliations: Department of International Health,
Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Perry, Henry B.
Venue: Annual Review of Public Health
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2014-03-18
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Pages: 399-421
ISSN: 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
1545-2093
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182354
OpenAlex: W2095802080
Cited by: 944
References: 153
Citations by year: 2026: 102 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 10
FWCI: 10.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health Workforce Issues
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Medical Education
Keywords: community health workers, program effectiveness, low-income countries, middle-income countries, high-income countries, primary care, health promotion, child undernutrition, maternal and child health, family planning, HIV control, malaria control, tuberculosis control, antihypertensive therapy, diabetes management, cancer screening, hard-to-reach populations, health care system
MeSH terms: Child, Community Health Workers, Developing Countries, Health Priorities, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Nutrition Disorders, Primary Health Care, Global Health, HIV Infections, Women's Health, Developed Countries, Child Mortality

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Community Health Workers in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: An Overview of Their History, Recent Evolution, and Current Effectiveness

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