The DOI matches its Crossref record; 159 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Contemporary Social Movements in a Hybrid Media Environment
Abstract
Media are central to the dynamics of protest and social movements. Contemporary social movements face a shifting environment composed of new media technologies and platforms that enable new identities, organizational forms, and practices. We review recent research focusing on the ways in which movements shape and are shaped by the media environment and the ways in which changes in the media environment have reshaped participation, mobilization, and impacts of activism. We conclude with the following recommendations for scholarship in this burgeoning area: move toward a broader conception of media in movements; expand engagement with scholarship in neighboring disciplines that study politics, media, and communication; develop new methodological and analytical skills for emerging forms of media; and investigate the ways in which media are enhancing, altering, or undermining the ability of movements to mobilize support, shape broader identities and attitudes, and secure new advantages from targets and authorities.
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“Digital and social media offer important new tools for social movements, activists, and state critics (1) as well as substantial avenues for expanding state surveillance and suppression of those same actors (2, 3).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
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“Others, however, increasingly worried about the potential of new media to exacerbate inequalities (Schradie 2019), generate thin forms of “clicktivism” (Shulman 2009), and enhance the capacities for surveillance and repression of movements (King et al. 2013, Tufekci 2017).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–108 of 108
Davidson, T., & Enos, J. (2026) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2026.2623959
“Unlike traditional mass media, such as television and newspapers, which play a gatekeeping role, political actors use social media to communicate with constituents in a direct, unmediated way (Caren, Andrews, and Lu 2020; Engesser, Fawzi, and Larsson 2017).”
Sara, I.-A., Tsetsura, K., & Skogerbø, E. (2026) · International Journal of Strategic Communication · doi:10.1080/1553118x.2026.2626319
“Social movements are generally formed to influence and change social and political conditions and are dependent on attracting attention from news media, the public and decision-makers (Caren et al., 2020; Tilly et al., 2019).”
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The Movement Toward Community-Based Progressive Technology
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Social Media And Collective Identity Formation
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An introduction to hybrid organizing
Cooper, K. R., & Fu, J. S. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780197818275.003.0002
Hybridity for collaborative value creation
Cooper, K. R., & Fu, J. S. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780197818275.003.0007
Metadata
- Authors
- Caren, N., Andrews, K. T., & Lu, T.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Caren, Neal
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2020-07-30
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 443-465
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W3021577149
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Movements and Cultural Identity
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Keywords
- social movements, protest, new media, hybrid media environment, digital activism, mobilization, social movement participation, movement identity, online organizing, political communication
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