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Contemporary Social Movements in a Hybrid Media Environment
Abstract
Media are central to the dynamics of protest and social movements. Contemporary social movements face a shifting environment composed of new media technologies and platforms that enable new identities, organizational forms, and practices. We review recent research focusing on the ways in which movements shape and are shaped by the media environment and the ways in which changes in the media environment have reshaped participation, mobilization, and impacts of activism. We conclude with the following recommendations for scholarship in this burgeoning area: move toward a broader conception of media in movements; expand engagement with scholarship in neighboring disciplines that study politics, media, and communication; develop new methodological and analytical skills for emerging forms of media; and investigate the ways in which media are enhancing, altering, or undermining the ability of movements to mobilize support, shape broader identities and attitudes, and secure new advantages from targets and authorities.
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“Digital and social media offer important new tools for social movements, activists, and state critics (1) as well as substantial avenues for expanding state surveillance and suppression of those same actors (2, 3).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
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“The general link between the power of such networks and digital communication has been discussed and theorized for more than a decade (e.g., Castells, 2009; see also Caren et al. 2020).”
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“The relationship between social media use and subsequent offline social behavior is ambiguous (Caren, Andrews, and Lu 2020; Haidt and Bail 2022; Zhuravskaya, Petrova, and Enikolopov 2020).”
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Caren, N., Andrews, K. T., & Lu, T.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Caren, Neal
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2020-07-30
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 443-465
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W3021577149
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Movements and Cultural Identity
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Keywords
- social movements, protest, new media, hybrid media environment, digital activism, mobilization, social movement participation, movement identity, online organizing, political communication
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