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Cited by 784

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Functional Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Applications

Peckham, P. Hunter, Knutson, Jayme S.·2005·Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Abstract

▪ Abstract Paralyzed or paretic muscles can be made to contract by applying electrical currents to the intact peripheral motor nerves innervating them. When electrically elicited muscle contractions are coordinated in a manner that provides function, the technique is termed functional electrical stimulation (FES). In more than 40 years of FES research, principles for safe stimulation of neuromuscular tissue have been established, and methods for modulating the strength of electrically induced muscle contractions have been discovered. FES systems have been developed for restoring function in the upper extremity, lower extremity, bladder and bowel, and respiratory system. Some of these neuroprostheses have become commercialized products, and others are available in clinical research settings. Technological developments are expected to produce new systems that have no external components, are expandable to multiple applications, are upgradable to new advances, and are controlled by a combination of signals, including biopotential signals from nerve, muscle, and the brain.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140103

Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Peckham, P. H., & Knutson, J. S.
Venue
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
Published
2005-08-15
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
327-360
ISSN
  • 1523-9829 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4274
OpenAlex
W2147352907
Cited by
784
References
124
FWCI
0.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Functional Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Applications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140103
The paper
Peckham, P. H., & Knutson, J. S. (2005). Functional Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Applications. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140103

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.