Cited by 1,183Plant and animal studiesInsect and Pesticide ResearchInsect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior

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Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees

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Goulson, D., Lye, G.C., Darvill, B.·2008·Annual Review of Entomology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093454

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Abstract

Declines in bumble bee species in the past 60 years are well documented in Europe, where they are driven primarily by habitat loss and declines in floral abundance and diversity resulting from agricultural intensification. Impacts of habitat degradation and fragmentation are likely to be compounded by the social nature of bumble bees and their largely monogamous breeding system, which renders their effective population size low. Hence, populations are susceptible to stochastic extinction events and inbreeding. In North America, catastrophic declines of some bumble bee species since the 1990s are probably attributable to the accidental introduction of a nonnative parasite from Europe, a result of global trade in domesticated bumble bee colonies used for pollination of greenhouse crops. Given the importance of bumble bees as pollinators of crops and wildflowers, steps must be taken to prevent further declines. Suggested measures include tight regulation of commercial bumble bee use and targeted use of environmentally comparable schemes to enhance floristic diversity in agricultural landscapes.

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Background
Comparative seasonal plant diversity and leaf foraging pattern of leafcutter bees (Megachilidae: Hymenoptera) in urban, semi-urban and agricultural areas of Eastern India
Pramanik, K., Layek, A., Visakh, N. U., & Jha, S. (2025) · Arthropod-Plant Interactions · doi:10.1007/s11829-025-10134-4 · Cited by 3
“…pesticide use and landscape homogenization, negatively impacted bee populations, consistent with findings by previous authors (Tscharntke et al. 2005; Goulson et al. 2008; Ahrne et al. 2009; Seto et al. 2012; Steckel et al. 2014; Scheper et al. 2015; Harrison and Winfree 2015; Potts et al. 2016).”
Comparing a Potential External Immune Defense Trait to Internal Immunity in Females of Wild Bumblebees
Baeuerle, G., Feldhaar, H., & Otti, O. (2020) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.00062 · Cited by 3
“Bumblebees are very important as they provide pollinator services not only for our crops (Velthuis and van Doorn, 2006) but also in the wild, thereby maintaining plant diversity (Goulson et al., 2008).”
Background
The impact of planting buckwheat strips along lowbush blueberry fields on beneficial insects
McCallum, R. S., McLean, N. L., & Cutler, G. C. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Plant Science · doi:10.1139/cjps-2020-0114 · Cited by 3
“Numerous factors can contribute to beneficial insect declines, including climate change, pests and diseases, pesticide use, and decreasing food and habitat resources (Goulson et al. 2008; Brown and Paxton 2009; Winfree et al. 2009; Potts Received 1 May 2020.”
Background
Pollination and Ecological Intensification: A Way Towards Green Revolution
Kamala, I. M., & Devanand, I. I. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3_11 · Cited by 4
Comparison of wild bee communities of three semi-natural meadow habitats at Harghita–Covasna Region, Transylvania, Romania
Demeter, I., Balog, A., Józan, Z., & Sárospataki, M. (2021) · Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae · doi:10.17109/azh.67.2.161.2021 · Cited by 3
“…stable supply of pollination services (Hoehn et al. 2008, Eeraerts et al. 2020, MacInnis et al. 2020), but recently the intensification of agriculture has greatly reduced the diversity and abundance of bee communities (Goulson 2003, Biesmeijer et al. 2006, Goulson et al. 2008, Potts et al. 2010).”
Background
Bumblebee abundance and richness along disused railway lines: the impact of track morphology
Higginson, P., & Dover, J. W. (2021) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-021-00345-4 · Cited by 3
Molecular Characterization of the Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae Infection from Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Turkey
Tosun, O., & Bekircan, Ç. (2021) · Journal of the Entomological Research Society · doi:10.51963/jers.v23i3.2101 · Cited by 3
Monitoring of parasites in bumblebee colonies developed from controlled nesting of wild queens (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)
Gekière, A., Habay, J., & Michez, D. (2022) · Osmia · doi:10.47446/osmia10.5 · Cited by 3
“Although some bumblebee species are expanding (e.g., B. terrestris; GHISBAIN et al., 2021), about one third of the species appears to be declining (GOULSON et al., 2008, ARBETMAN et al., 2017).”
Background
Fungicide Scent Pollution Disrupts Floral Search-and-Selection in the Bumblebee Bombus impatiens
Yousry, N., Henderson, P., & Sprayberry, J. D. H. (2023) · Agrochemicals · doi:10.3390/agrochemicals2020013 · Cited by 3
Community dynamics of bumblebee across elevation gradients and habitat mosaics in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal
Ghimire, K. C., Pandey, A., Roka, I., Adhikari, J. N., & Bhusal, D. R. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17076 · Cited by 3
“However, socio-ecological systems with a range of social, ecological and environmental factors [69] such as rapidly changing habitat utilization, pesticide application [35] and change in the farming patterns are the influencing factors on the abundance and diversity of bumblebee in CHAL.”
Background
Local influence of floral resource attributes on urban bumble bee foraging activity
Pfeiffer, V., Zhu, J., Poh, K. C., & Silbernagel, J. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2023.1103721 · Cited by 3
Impact of Ecological Engineering on Zea mays Plantations to Biodiversity of Insect Pollinators
Amrulloh, R., Buchori, D., Priawandiputra, W., & Sartiami, D. (2023) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1220/1/012030 · Cited by 3
“Several factors that influence global species loss are degradation and habitat fragmentation [6], loss of flower plant communities [7], pathogen and parasitic attacks [8], and the massive use of agricultural pesticides [9].”
Background
Bee Assemblage in the Southern Chihuahuan Desert: The Role of Season, Year, and Trap Color in Abundance
Munguia-Soto, E. O., Golubov, J. K., & Mandujano, M. C. (2023) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects14110875 · Cited by 3
“…loss of food (pollen and nectar), as well as resting, copulation, and nesting places, which are essential for the survival of bee populations [13,14,16] For example, Cane et al. [17] reported lower numbers of bee species and individuals in urbanized patches and surrounding vegetation than in wild…”
Background
PCR-Based Screening of Pathogens in Bombus terrestris Populations of Turkey
Sevim, A., Akpınar, R., Öztürk, S. H., YILMAZ, F., Kayaboynu, Ü., Sevi̇m, E., Ese, H., Karataş, Ü., Buldağ, M., & Umur, Ş. (2023) · Acta Parasitologica · doi:10.1007/s11686-023-00743-5 · Cited by 3
Polyfloral nutritional resources promote bumble bee colony development after exposure to a pesticide mixture
Castle, D., Alkassab, A. T., Erler, S., Bischoff, G., Gerdes, F., Yurkov, A. M., Steinert, M., Steffan-Dewenter, I. D., & Pistorius, J. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118170 · Cited by 3
Effect of boreal forest logging on nectar production of four understory herbs
Pengelly, C. J., & Cartar, R. V. (2011) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.032 · Cited by 3
Ecosystem Services, Context and the Social Basis for Conservation: The Case of Insect Pollination Benefits to Lowbush Blueberry
Melathopoulo, A. (2015) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University) · Cited by 3
The Enhancement of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) For Pollination Security
Venturini, E. (2015) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University) · Cited by 3
Late-Season Survey of Bumble Bees along Canadian Highways of British Columbia and Yukon Territories
Hatten, T. D., Strange, J. P., & Maxwell, J. M. (2015) · Western North American Naturalist · doi:10.3398/064.075.0205 · Cited by 3
Facts Aren’t Enough: Addressing Communication Challenges in the Pollinator Crisis and Beyond
Zwarun, L., & Camilo, G. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69770-9_18 · Cited by 4
Estratégias reprodutivas em Melipona, com ênfase em pequenas populações de Melipona scutellaris (Apidae, Meliponini)
Alves, D. A. (2010) · doi:10.11606/t.41.2010.tde-28092010-123251 · Cited by 3
Concurrent effects of landscape context and managed pollinators on wild bee communities and canola (Brassica napus L.) pollen deposition
Zink, L. (2013) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/25411 · Cited by 3
Evaluation of Flowering Plant Strips and the Risk of Pesticides on Pollinators in Melon Agro-ecosystems
Azpiazu, C. (2020) · UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid) · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.62550 · Cited by 3
Susceptibility Comparison of Bumblebee and Honeybee to Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid
Nasir, M. (2023) · Jammu Kashmir Journal of Agriculture · doi:10.56810/jkjagri.001.01.0006 · Cited by 2
Where have the bumblebees and other wild bees gone? - preliminary results of rapid evaluation in grassland habitats near agricultural fields in Ihtimanska Sredna Gora Mts (Bulgaria)
Kozuharova, E. K., Ljubomirov, T., & Uzunov, D. (2025) · Historia naturalis bulgarica · doi:10.48027/hnb.47.042 · Cited by 2
BeeBox : A novel artificial nestbox for bumblebee research, conservation and engagement
Donkersley, P., & Roberts, J. (2025) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.70095 · Cited by 2
“In the wild, bumblebees typically do not excavate their own nests; instead, they rely on existing cavities (i.e. abandoned rodent nests) (Fussell & Corbet, 1992 ; Goulson et al., 2008; Lye et al., 2012; Pomeroy, 1981).”
Foraging Behaviors and Comparative Yield Effects of Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris Linnaeus) and Chinese Honeybee (Apis cerana cerana Fabricius) to Cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus ‘Hongdeng’) in Northern China
Huang, X., Wang, Y., & Zheng, L. (2025) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects16090900 · Cited by 2
“Factors such as climate change, habitat change, and agricultural practices can affect bee populations and their pollination applications [43].”
Decision‐support tools for pollinators and pollination in agricultural landscapes: A systematic map
Dwyer, C., Clough, Y., Bartholomée, O., & Smith, H. G. (2025) · Ecological Solutions and Evidence · doi:10.1002/2688-8319.70138 · Cited by 2
Comparative lipidomic and proteomic analysis reveals species‐specific differences in midgut composition and insecticide absorption between Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris
Kokkas, E., Hawkins, J., Swindale, L. Y., Kende, A., Sinclair, J. G., Riveron, J. M., Thompson, H., & Pym, A. (2025) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.70303 · Cited by 2
“17 The reason behind this phenomenon is complex, with multiple factors suggested, including pathogens (fungi, viruses, bacteria and parasites), 11,18 climate change, 19,20 habitat loss 21,22 and agrochemical use.”
Same tree species, different reproductive phenological patterns between tropical urban green spaces and natural areas
de Oliveira, M. T. P., Silva, J. L. S., Cruz‐Neto, O., & Lopes, A. V. (2025) · Discover Ecology · doi:10.1007/s44396-025-00014-9 · Cited by 2
“Therefore, urbanization can lead to species loss and biotic homogenization [74, 75], including expansion in the distribution of alien plant species, decline of native plant species [100], pollinators [12, 40, 42, 45, 54], and seed dispersers [17, 55, 66, 110].”
A Compound Fungicide Impairs Cognitive Performance in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
Zhang, X., Cao, Q., Sun, Q., Tian, Y., Du, Y., & Guo, Y. (2025) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects17010051 · Cited by 2
“Efforts to mitigate risks such as habitat loss and pesticide exposure are necessary to sustain pollinator populations and ensure continued agricultural productivity [7].”
Evaluating Pollination Ecology of the Endangered Pityopsis Ruthii (Small) Small (Asteraceae)
Moore, P. A. (2014) · Cited by 2
Diversity of Insect Pollinators in Gozamin District of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Misganaw, M., Mengesha, G., & Awas, T. (2020) · American Journal of BioScience · doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20200805.11 · Cited by 2
“This was reported to happen mainly due to human induced impacts such as habitat destruction, land use change and use of chemicals, climate change, and invasive species [12, 13].”
Background
Introduction: The Reality of Insect Declines
New, T. R. (2022) · Fascinating life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90134-9_1 · Cited by 2
Neighborhood effects and honey bee foraging behavior
Lowell, E. S. H., & Murphy, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Apicultural Research · doi:10.1080/00218839.2022.2045755 · Cited by 2
“In the context of current pollinator decline (Biesmeijer et al., 2006; Goulson et al., 2008), it is important to consider how the relative abundance of pollinators can affect plant-pollinator interactions and ultimately, plant reproductive output.”
An exploratory study of bumble bee (Bombus) phenologies and plant interactions in agricultural landscapes in central Georgia, USA
Anderson, A. R. (2022) · Journal of Natural History · doi:10.1080/00222933.2022.2095940 · Cited by 2
“Goulson et al. (2008) explained that genetic factors and a low number of founding queens put bumble bees at greater risk of extinction than other social Hymenoptera.”
BackgroundResult

Authors: Goulson, D., Lye, G. C., & Darvill, B.
Affiliations: University of Stirling (GB)
ORCID: Goulson, D.
Venue: Annual Review of Entomology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2008-01-01
Volume: 53
Issue: 1
Pages: 191-208
ISSN: 0066-4170 (ISSN-L)
1545-4487
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093454
OpenAlex: W2100945295
Cited by: 1,183
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 3.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Annual Review of Entomology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant and animal studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect and Pesticide Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Keywords: bumblebees, population decline (ecology), habitat loss, agricultural intensification, floral diversity, habitat fragmentation, inbreeding, stochastic extinction, pollination, conservation, pollinator decline, North America, Europe
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Bees, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environment, Pesticides, Population Dynamics, Flowers, Biodiversity

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Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees

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