Cited by 1,183Plant and animal studiesInsect and Pesticide ResearchInsect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior

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Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees

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Goulson, D., Lye, G.C., Darvill, B.·2008·Annual Review of Entomology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093454

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Abstract

Declines in bumble bee species in the past 60 years are well documented in Europe, where they are driven primarily by habitat loss and declines in floral abundance and diversity resulting from agricultural intensification. Impacts of habitat degradation and fragmentation are likely to be compounded by the social nature of bumble bees and their largely monogamous breeding system, which renders their effective population size low. Hence, populations are susceptible to stochastic extinction events and inbreeding. In North America, catastrophic declines of some bumble bee species since the 1990s are probably attributable to the accidental introduction of a nonnative parasite from Europe, a result of global trade in domesticated bumble bee colonies used for pollination of greenhouse crops. Given the importance of bumble bees as pollinators of crops and wildflowers, steps must be taken to prevent further declines. Suggested measures include tight regulation of commercial bumble bee use and targeted use of environmentally comparable schemes to enhance floristic diversity in agricultural landscapes.

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Status changes in the wild bees of north‐eastern North America over 125 years revealed through museum specimens
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“Many of the species in this study are widespread across North America, yet are likely undergoing change at varying rates within each regional community.”
BackgroundInfluential
Floral Sonication is an Innate Behaviour in Bumblebees that can be Fine-Tuned with Experience in Manipulating Flowers
Morgan, T., Whitehorn, P. R., Lye, G. C., & Vallejo‐Marín, M. (2016) · Journal of Insect Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10905-016-9553-5 · Cited by 53
“Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) play an important role in providing pollinator services in both natural and agricultural systems (Goulson 2003; Goulson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Unbiased RNA Shotgun Metagenomics in Social and Solitary Wild Bees Detects Associations with Eukaryote Parasites and New Viruses
Schoonvaere, K., Smet, L. D., Smagghe, G. J., Vierstraete, A. R., Braeckman, B. P., & de Graaf, D. C. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168456 · Cited by 53
Preserving habitat quality at local and landscape scales increases wild bee diversity in intensive farming systems
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Text‐analysis reveals taxonomic and geographic disparities in animal pollination literature
Millard, J. W., Freeman, R., & Newbold, T. (2019) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.04532 · Cited by 55
The Effect of Oral Administration of dsRNA on Viral Replication and Mortality in Bombus terrestris
Piot, N., Snoeck, S., Vanlede, M., Smagghe, G. J., & Meeus, I. (2015) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v7062765 · Cited by 52
“on colony level is also of importance as wild bees often go through more harsh conditions compared to honeybees [38].”
Background
Bumblebee colonies produce larger foragers in complex landscapes
Persson, A. S., & Smith, H. G. (2011) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2011.10.002 · Cited by 52
Flower abundance and vegetation height as predictors for nectar-feeding insect occurrence in Swedish semi-natural grasslands
Milberg, P., Bergman, K., Cronvall, E., Eriksson, Å. I., Glimskär, A., Islamovic, A., Jonason, D., Löfqvist, Z., & Westerberg, L. M. (2016) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.029 · Cited by 52
Food Limitation Affects Parasite Load and Survival ofBombus impatiens(Hymenoptera: Apidae) Infected WithCrithidia(Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae)
Conroy, T. J., Palmer‐Young, E. C., Irwin, R. E., & Adler, L. S. (2016) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/nvw099 · Cited by 54
“Recent years have seen a marked decline in various Bombus species around the world (Goulson et al. 2008, Grixti et al. 2009, Colla and Ratti 2010), coinciding with declines in other bee species (Oldroyd 2007, Stokstad 2007).”
Background
Invasion dynamics of Asian hornet, Vespa velutina (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): a case study of a commune in south-west France
Franklin, D. N., Brown, M. A., Datta, S., Cuthbertson, A. G. S., Budge, G. E., & Keeling, M. J. (2017) · Applied Entomology and Zoology · doi:10.1007/s13355-016-0470-z · Cited by 53
“We utilised a Metropolis–Hastings MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) method to infer these parameters from the data in a Bayesian framework (Chib and Greenberg 1995; Gilks 2005).”
Method
Reproductive success and pollen dispersal in urban populations of an insect-pollinated hay-meadow herb
Rossum, F. V. (2009) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.08.002 · Cited by 51
The most effective pollinator revisited: pollen dynamics in a spring-flowering herb
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“Although these insects are generally declining in Central Europe (Kosior et al. 2007; Goulson et al. 2008a), the taxa present in our study belong to common species and the plant can be successfully pollinated also by other floral visitors, which suggests that its pollination biology cannot alone…”
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Effects of pollinator density-dependent preferences on field margin visitations in the midst of agricultural monocultures: A modelling approach
Rands, S. A., & Whitney, H. M. (2010) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.01.014 · Cited by 53
“, 2007), and blame for this decline has been laid on a wide range of possible causal factors (Goulson et al., 2008), many of which are connected with intensive agricultural practices.”
Background
The impacts of biological invasions
Haubrock, P. J., Everts, T., Abreo, N. A. S., Bojko, J., Deklerck, V., Dickey, J. W. E., Franco, A. C. S., García‐Berthou, E., Katsanevakis, S., Kirichenko, N., et al. (2025) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1002/brv.70124 · Cited by 76
Exploitative competition and displacement mediated by eusocial bees: experimental evidence in a wild pollinator community
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The effect of climatic variation on abundance and diversity of bumblebees: a ten years survey in a mountain hotspot
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“Th erefore, we suggest that resource scarcity was a main factor of local bumblebee abundance, as was already observed by many autors (see Carvell et al. 2006; Goulson et al. 2008a, b; Lye et al. 2009).”
Background
Supporting wild pollinators in agricultural landscapes through targeted legume mixtures
Cole, L. J., Baddeley, J. A., Robertson, D., Topp, K., Walker, R. L., & Watson, C. A. (2021) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2021.107648 · Cited by 49
Management of Overwintering Cover Crops Influences Floral Resources and Visitation by Native Bees
Ellis, K. E., & Barbercheck, M. E. (2015) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/nvv086 · Cited by 49
Ivy: an underappreciated key resource to flower‐visiting insects in autumn
Garbuzov, M., & Ratnieks, F. L. W. (2013) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/icad.12033 · Cited by 49
“Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and other pollinating insects have declined since WW2 with a major factor being the reduction in flower abundance (Biesmeijer et al., 2006; Carvell et al., 2006; Goulson et al., 2008; Potts et al., 2010).”
Background
Bumble bee colony growth and reproduction depend on local flower dominance and natural habitat area in the surrounding landscape
Spiesman, B. J., Bennett, A. B., Isaacs, R., & Gratton, C. (2016) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.008 · Cited by 49
“The decline of somebee species in recent decades is therefore of great concern (Goulson et al., 2008; Cameron et al., 2011; Bartomeus et al., 2013; Goulson et al., 2015).”
Crop rotation and agri‐environment schemes determine bumblebee communities via flower resources
Marja, R., Viik, E., Mänd, M., Phillips, J., Klein, A., & Batáry, P. (2018) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13119 · Cited by 49
Fluorescent Pan Traps Affect the Capture Rate of Insect Orders in Different Ways
Shrestha, M. R., García, J. E., Chua, J. H. J., Howard, S. R., Tscheulin, T., Dorin, A., Nielsen, A., & Dyer, A. G. (2019) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects10020040 · Cited by 48
The potential for wildflower interventions to enhance natural enemies and pollinators in commercial apple orchards is limited by other management practices
McKerchar, M., Potts, S. G., Fountain, M. T., Garratt, M. P. D., & Westbury, D. B. (2020) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.107034 · Cited by 49
“, 2016), such as wild bees and hoverflies (Biesmeijer et al., 2006; Goulson et al., 2008; Potts et al., 2010a; Carvalheiro et al., 2013), but also managed honeybees in some regions (Potts et al.”
Background
Forest fragmentation modifies the composition of bumblebee communities and modulates their trophic and competitive interactions for pollination
Gómez-Martínez, C., Aase, A., Totland, Ø., Rodríguez‐Pérez, J., Birkemoe, T., Sverdrup‐Thygeson, A., & Lázaro, A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67447-y · Cited by 39
The Canary in the Coalmine; Bee Declines as an Indicator of Environmental Health
Goulson, D., & Nicholls, E. (2016) · Science Progress · doi:10.3184/003685016x14685000479908 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Dietary quercetin impacts the concentration of pesticides in honey bees
Ardalani, H., Vidkjær, N. H., Laursen, B. B., Kryger, P., & Fomsgaard, I. S. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127848 · Cited by 48
Annual flowers strips benefit bumble bee colony growth and reproduction
Klatt, B. K., Nilsson, L. A., & Smith, H. G. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108814 · Cited by 54
Ecological effects of invasive alien insects
Kenis, M., Auger‐Rozenberg, M., Alain Roques, B., Timms, L. L., Péré, C., Cock, M. J. W., Settele, J., Augustin, S., & López‐Vaamonde, C. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9680-8_3 · Cited by 48
Successful maintenance of a stingless bee population despite a severe genetic bottleneck
Alves, D. A., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L., Francoy, T. M., Filho, P. D. S. S., BILLEN, J. P. J., & Wenseleers, T. (2010) · Conservation Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10592-010-0171-z · Cited by 48
“Bees have special needs with regard to suitable nesting sites and floral resources and habitat loss is one of the major threats to their continued survival (Goulson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Urban heavy metal contamination limits bumblebee colony growth
Sivakoff, F. S., Prajzner, S. P., & Gardiner, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13651 · Cited by 49
Comparative analysis of detection limits and specificity of molecular diagnostic markers for three pathogens (Microsporidia, Nosema spp.) in the key pollinators Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris
Erler, S., Lommatzsch, S., & Lattorff, H. M. G. (2011) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2640-9 · Cited by 47
Bumble bee pollen use and preference across spatial scales in human‐altered landscapes
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Pollinator insects benefit from rotational fallows
Kuussaari, M., Hyvönen, T., & Härmä, O. (2011) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.03.006 · Cited by 46
Bumble Bee Pollinators in Red Clover Seed Production
Rao, S., & Stephen, W. P. (2009) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2009.01.0003 · Cited by 46
Larval exposure to field-realistic concentrations of clothianidin has no effect on development rate, over-winter survival or adult metabolic rate in a solitary bee, Osmia bicornis
Nicholls, E., Fowler, R., Niven, J. E., Gilbert, J., & Goulson, D. (2017) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.3417 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Seasonality of floral resources in relation to bee activity in agroecosystems
Guezen, J., & Forrest, J. R. K. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.7260 · Cited by 55
“Bumble bees represent some of the most common and important pollinators for both wildflowers and crops in the Northern Hemisphere, but many species are declining (Goulson et al., 2008).”
Background
Crofting and bumblebee conservation: The impact of land management practices on bumblebee populations in northwest Scotland
Redpath-Downing, N. A., Osgathorpe, L. M., Park, K. J., & Goulson, D. (2009) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.019 · Cited by 45
“A reduction in nesting and hibernation sites (Goulson, 2003a; Goulson et al., 2008a), competition from introduced species (Goulson, 2003b) and potential pathogen spillover from commercially reared colonies (Colla et al., 2006) have also been identified as possible contributing factors to the…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Invasive Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) parasitized by a flagellate (Euglenozoa: Kinetoplastea) and a neogregarine (Apicomplexa: Neogregarinorida)
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Pollination success following loss of a frequent pollinator: the role of compensatory visitation by other effective pollinators
Hallett, A. C., Mitchell, R. J., Chamberlain, E. R., & Karron, J. D. (2017) · AoB Plants · doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx020 · Cited by 46
“Accumulating evidence suggests that pollinator populations are declining worldwide (Potts et al. 2010), and that populations of many bumble bee species have declined considerably both in Europe and North America (Goulson et al. 2008; Grixti * Corresponding author’s e-mail address: karron@uwm.edu VC The Authors 2017.”
BackgroundInfluential
Forest proximity supports bumblebee species richness and abundance in hemi-boreal agricultural landscape
Sõber, V., Leps, M., Kaasik, A., Mänd, M., & Teder, T. (2020) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.106961 · Cited by 45
Translating research into action; bumblebee conservation as a case study
Goulson, D., Rayner, P., Dawson, B., & Darvill, B. (2010) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01929.x · Cited by 44
Self-citation
Filtering across Spatial Scales: Phylogeny, Biogeography and Community Structure in Bumble Bees
Harmon‐Threatt, A., & Ackerly, D. D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060446 · Cited by 44

Authors: Goulson, D., Lye, G. C., & Darvill, B.
Affiliations: University of Stirling (GB)
ORCID: Goulson, D.
Venue: Annual Review of Entomology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2008-01-01
Volume: 53
Issue: 1
Pages: 191-208
ISSN: 0066-4170 (ISSN-L)
1545-4487
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093454
OpenAlex: W2100945295
Cited by: 1,183
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 3.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Annual Review of Entomology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant and animal studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect and Pesticide Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Keywords: bumblebees, population decline (ecology), habitat loss, agricultural intensification, floral diversity, habitat fragmentation, inbreeding, stochastic extinction, pollination, conservation, pollinator decline, North America, Europe
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Bees, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environment, Pesticides, Population Dynamics, Flowers, Biodiversity

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Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees

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