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Centuries of Human-Driven Change in Salt Marsh Ecosystems

Gedan, K. Bromberg, Silliman, B.R., Bertness, M.D.·2009·Annual Review of Marine Science
DOI 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163930
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Abstract

Salt marshes are among the most abundant, fertile, and accessible coastal habitats on earth, and they provide more ecosystem services to coastal populations than any other environment. Since the Middle Ages, humans have manipulated salt marshes at a grand scale, altering species composition, distribution, and ecosystem function. Here, we review historic and contemporary human activities in marsh ecosystems—exploitation of plant products; conversion to farmland, salt works, and urban land; introduction of non-native species; alteration of coastal hydrology; and metal and nutrient pollution. Unexpectedly, diverse types of impacts can have a similar consequence, turning salt marsh food webs upside down, dramatically increasing top down control. Of the various impacts, invasive species, runaway consumer effects, and sea level rise represent the greatest threats to salt marsh ecosystems. We conclude that the best way to protect salt marshes and the services they provide is through the integrated approach of ecosystem-based management.

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Metadata

Authors
Gedan, K. B., Silliman, B. R., & Bertness, M. D.
Venue
Annual Review of Marine Science
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2009-01-01
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
117-141
ISSN
  • 1941-0611 (ISSN-L)
  • 1941-1405
DOI
10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163930
OpenAlex
W2097833259
Cited by
1,022
References
3
FWCI
2.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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Gedan, K. B., Silliman, B. R., & Bertness, M. D. (2009). Centuries of Human-Driven Change in Salt Marsh Ecosystems. Annual Review of Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163930

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