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Mediation Analysis
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Abstract Mediating variables are prominent in psychological theory and research. A mediating variable transmits the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. Differences between mediating variables and confounders, moderators, and covariates are outlined. Statistical methods to assess mediation and modern comprehensive approaches are described. Future directions for mediation analysis are discussed.
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In the citing paper
“As noted in the previous section, extending a baseline model by adding further mediating factors provides an indirect way to study the role of different mechanisms in a mediation analysis (MacKinnon et al., 2007).”
From Improving the evidence base: A methodological review of the quantitative climate migration literature (2021) · cites this paper as MacKinnon et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Likewise, a change in outcome may result from changes in unique sets of potential mediators for different people (MacKinnon et al., 2007).”
From Mediators during a Multimodal intervention for stress-induced exhaustion disorder (2024) · cites this paper as MacKinnon et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“The aim of the SM was to minimize credibility and expectancy effects, prevent regression to the mean, and avoid potential overestimation of effect sizes commonly observed in no-treatment/waitlist control groups [51].”
In the citing paper
“Mediation testing follows established rules [2, 17] and can be tested with a series of regression analyses.”
From What are the Implications of Excessive Internet Searches for Medical Information by Orthopaedic Patients? (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Mediation analysis is commonly used in social psychology to improve understanding of the relationship between psychological variables and identify potential targets for interventions [17].”
From What are the Implications of Excessive Internet Searches for Medical Information by Orthopaedic Patients? (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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Metadata
- Authors
- MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-01-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 593-614
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC2819368
- OpenAlex
- W4212838134
- Cited by
- 5,688
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 375 · 2025: 394 · 2024: 367 · 2023: 408 · 2022: 434 · 2021: 438 · 2020: 457 · 2019: 372 · 2018: 329 · 2017: 309 · 2016: 287 · 2015: 285 · 2014: 268 · 2013: 256 · 2012: 210
- FWCI
- 9.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 09757, R01DA009757, R37DA009757)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- mediation analysis, mediators, confounders, moderators, covariates, causal inference
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mathematical Computing, Models, Psychological, Psychological Theory, Models, Statistical, Causality, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Treatment Outcome, Biomedical Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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