Mediation Analysis in Social Psychology: Current Practices and New Recommendations
Abstract
A key aim of social psychology is to understand the psychological processes through which independent variables affect dependent variables in the social domain. This objective has given rise to statistical methods for mediation analysis. In mediation analysis, the significance of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables has been integral in theory testing, being used as a basis to determine (1) whether to proceed with analyses of mediation and (2) whether one or several proposed mediator(s) fully or partially accounts for an effect. Synthesizing past research and offering new arguments, we suggest that the collective evidence raises considerable concern that the focus on the significance between the independent and dependent variables, both before and after mediation tests, is unjustified and can impair theory development and testing. To expand theory involving social psychological processes, we argue that attention in mediation analysis should be shifted towards assessing the magnitude and significance of indirect effects.
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The reduction in the unstandardized coefficient from β=-0.185 in the structural model to β=-0.154 in the mediation model suggests a partial mediation effect.
“In the structural model, the unstandardized regression coefficient between psychological resilience and embitterment was β=-0.185, whereas in the mediation model, this coefficient decreased to β=-0.154. This reduction suggests a partial mediation effect [26,27].”
A statistically significant total effect of X on Y is not necessary for mediation to occur and mediation analysis does not require evidence of a total effect prior to investigating direct and indirect effects.
“Note that a statistically significant total effect of X on Y is not necessary for mediation to occur and that mediation analysis does not require evidence of a total effect prior to investigating direct and indirect effects [63–66].”
From Acceptance as a Mediator for Change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Persons with Chronic Pain? (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
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Clarke, J., Proudfoot, J., Birch, M.-R., Whitton, A. E., Parker, G., Manicavasagar, V., Harrison, V., Christensen, H., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0272-1 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
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Deradicalizing Detained Terrorists
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Social Relationships and Sleep Quality
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- Authors
- Rucker, D. D., Preacher, K. J., Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Kansas (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Venue
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 359-371
- ISSN
- 1751-9004 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160326831
- Cited by
- 2,430
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 166 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 248 · 2020: 199 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 170 · 2017: 182 · 2016: 193 · 2015: 149 · 2014: 138 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 79.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- mediation analysis, indirect effects, significance testing, theory testing, theory development, social psychological processes, statistical power, effect size
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