The DOI matches its Crossref record; 219 of the 219 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Motivational and Emotional Aspects of the Self
Abstract
Abstract Recent theory and research are reviewed regarding self-related motives (self-enhancement, self-verification, and self-expansion) and self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, pride, social anxiety, and embarrassment), with an emphasis on how these motivational and emotional aspects of the self might be related. Specifically, these motives and emotions appear to function to protect people's social well-being. The motives to self-enhance, self-verify, and self-expand are partly rooted in people's concerns with social approval and acceptance, and self-conscious emotions arise in response to events that have real or imagined implications for others' judgments of the individual. Thus, these motives and emotions do not operate to maintain certain states of the self, as some have suggested, but rather to facilitate people's social interactions and relationships.
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“A drop in self-esteem serves as a warning signal of potential social exclusion and motivates the individual to take steps to avoid rejection and improve one's standing in the social hierarchy”
From Why do people use Facebook? (2012) · cites this paper as Leary, 2007
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“It has been proposed that self-esteem may act as a sociometer – a monitor of one's acceptability to the group.”
From Why do people use Facebook? (2012) · cites this paper as Leary, 2007
Citations
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Items 201–219 of 219
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Making Things Happen: A Model of Proactive Motivation
Parker, S. K., Bindl, U. K., & Strauss, K. (2010) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310363732 · Cited by 2,096
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887 · Cited by 1,728
Self-citationNadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007 · Cited by 1,276
The Relationship Between Self‐Compassion and Well‐Being: A Meta‐Analysis
Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12051 · Cited by 1,237
Sensemaking in Crisis and Change: Inspiration and Insights From Weick (1988)
Maitlis, S., & Sonenshein, S. B. (2010) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00908.x · Cited by 1,185
Metadata
- Authors
- Leary, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leary, Mark R.
- ORCID
- Leary, Mark R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-01-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 317-344
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W2119994416
- Semantic Scholar
- 91b1dc0423e12afdddd50aadb5735daea2403768
- Cited by
- 838
- References
- 216
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- self-enhancement, self-verification, self-expansion, self-conscious emotions, guilt, shame, pride, social anxiety, embarrassment, social approval, social acceptance, social well-being, social interaction, interpersonal relationships
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Awareness, Defense Mechanisms, Ego, Emotions, Guilt, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Motivation, Self Concept, Shame, Social Desirability, Social Perception, Personal Construct Theory
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