The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Health and Unemployment
Abstract
This paper reviews the relationship between health and inadequate employment, especially unemployment. Poor physical or mental health can lead, via poor work performance, to job loss; however, studies that control for such selection effects are still scarce except for a few health outcomes. For example, aggregate-level studies typically find a positive association between unemployment and suicide rates over time. At the individual level of analysis, panel surveys of laid-off workers tend to find increased psychiatric problems such as depression and substance abuse. Few studies have evaluated interventions to prevent or reduce the adverse health effects of job loss. There have been even fewer studies of the health effects of other types of inadequate employment such as the increasingly prevalent forms of underemployment.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The negative health effects of under- and unemployment, or insufficient employment, are well known,2 including increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and higher rates of mental health hospitalization, pain, alcohol abuse, and suicide.3–6”
From Feasibility and Acceptability of a Community-Based Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for the Under- and Unemployed (2020) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Although depression is known to be associated with unemployment, most research on this association has emphasized the impact of job loss on depression rather than depression as a risk factor for job loss.33 A recent analysis from the WMH surveys documented the latter association by showing that history of mental disorders as of the age of completing schooling predicted current (at the time of”
From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [33]
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–573 of 573
Modrek, S., Hamad, R., & Cullen, M. R. (2015)
Ruiz, A. J. G. (2015) · Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor · doi:10.4321/s1134-80462015000300001
Reverse Causation: Findings on the Selection Hypothesis
Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.005
Self-citationThe Next Generation: Underemployment and Birthweight
Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.010
Self-citationUnemployment and Health: What are the New Challenges and Opportunities for Health Systems in Europe?
Maignan, C. J. (2011) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-94345-9_3
Employment and Health in the Enlarged EU – A Call for Action
Levi, L. (2011) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-94345-9_1
Self-citationEarly Adulthood: Alcohol Misuse and Underemployment
Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.007
Self-citationExtending the Employment Continuum: Well-Being in Welfare Transitions
Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.009
Self-citationDooley, D., & Prause, J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.011
Self-citationGesundheitliche Auswirkungen befristeter Verträge in Deutschland und Spanien
Gash, V., Mertens, A., & Gordo, L. R. (2008) · Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)
RELIGIOSIDADE, OBJECTIVOS DE VIDA E BEM- ESTAR PSICOLÓGICO EM DESEMPREGADOS NA MEIA-IDADE
Psicologia, F. D. (2015)
Ohlander, J. (2010)
Parents' mental health and children's cognitive and social
MensahKathleen, F. K., & Kiernan, E. A. (2009)
Preventing or Mitigating Consequences of Restructuring: what Impact?
Grasserbauer, M., Sakalauskas, L. L., & Triomphe, C. E. (2009)
Desigualtats socials i salut mental. Una proposta d'intervenció : la renda bàsica
Panyella, S. R. (2008) · Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Cockshott, C. J. (2016) · University of Liverpool · doi:10.17638/02046259
de Salazar, R. O., Gálligo, A. G., Parra, G., & Gómez, L. (2005)
Unemployment and health in the UK: Exploring psychobiological pathways
Hughes, A. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Jetha, A. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Creating Sellable Citizens : A Study of How Job Seekers Are Socialized as Labor Market Actors
Karlsson, D. (2017) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Reconnecting to Work - Introduction
Appelbaum, L. D. (2011) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
OBSOLETE: Populations at Special Health Risk: Workers
Muntaner, C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.02735-5
The Empire Mine Layoff and Economic Future of the West End and Marquette County
Broadway, M. J., & Engelhardt, O. (2017)
Golden, S. D. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/3kpr-jh48
How the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Affects Labor Force DecisionsPreprint
Farkhad, B. F., & Meyerhoefer, C. D. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3279110
Theoretical Perspectives on Mental Health and Illness: Introduction to Part I
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.003
Preventing Adolescent Suicidal Behavior: Integrating Sociology and Public Health
Crosby, A. E., & Willis, L. A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.030
Pathways to Social Connection and Civility in a Time of Political and Social Polarization
Froman, L. (2020) · Identity in a changing world · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38270-4_13
Calvo, E., & Mair, C. A. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Watson, D. P., Adams, E. L., & Jackson, J. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.033
The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness: Introduction to Part II
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.012
Mental Health Systems and Policy: Introduction to Part III
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.023
Biological Approaches to Psychiatric Disorders: A Sociological Approach
Schwartz, S., & Corcoran, C. M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.009
Managing Workplace Demographics
Howard, J. (2021) · Patty's Industrial Hygiene · doi:10.1002/0471435139.hyg126
Job Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemics and Its Psychological Consequences
Bulut, S., & Buljubašić, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.30564/jpr.v3i1.2855
Three Essays in Preventive Health Economics.
Segel, J. E. (2015) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Liu, H., Liu, Y., Pan, T., Fang, Y., Fang, G., Jiang, X., Chen, B., Wei, Z., Gu, S., Liu, P., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-861401/v1
Reeskens, T., & Vandecasteele, L. (2021) · Societies and political orders in transition · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_5
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.001
Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.001
Self-citation(2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.015
Mechanic, D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.002
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.035
Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499562.014
Self-citationLabour market, work environment, and suicide
Mäkinen, I. H., Rojas, Y., & Wasserman, D. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0030
Aldossary, S., & Kolkiewicz, L. (2020) · Al-Mağallaẗ Al-ʿarabiyyaẗ lil Ādāb wa Al-Dirāsāẗ Al-Insāniyyat · doi:10.21608/ajahs.2020.237332
Eroğlu, Ş. G., & TOROS, F. (2023) · Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.33437/ksusbd.1139856
From Paychecks to Plates: Tracing the Impact of Layoffs on Food Access in the United StatesPreprint
Le, K., Nguyen, T. D., & Rutledge, N. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3800833/v1
CASCADING CONSEQUENCES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Ştefănescu, F., & Tünde-Ilona, K. E. L. E. (2023) · Annals of Faculty of Economics · doi:10.47535/1991auoes32(1)020
Effects of job loss in romantic relationships
Braunheim, L., & Gapta, L. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003427469-14
(2024) · Springer Publishing Company eBooks · doi:10.1891/9780826180735.0001
Bezborodovs, N. (2024) · doi:10.25143/prom-rsu_2024-12_pd · Cited by 1
Social Determinants of Life Expectancy at Birth in the City of Madrid: A Pre-pandemic Analysis
Casas, D. G., Barbé, A. D., & Gálvez-Nieto, J. L. (2024) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-024-03419-3
Populations at Special Risk: Workers
Muntaner, C., Shahidi, F. V., Kim, I., Chung, H., & Benach, J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99967-0.00355-0
Büyülü Aynalar - Anormal Gerçekliğin Yansımaları
Özen, Y. (2025) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.3516
Full Employment: A Survey of Theory, Empirics and Policies
Lichtenberger, A., Heimberger, P., Arsenev, A., & Gökten, M. (2025) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.12463
DeVaughn, A., Go, L. H. T., Bonney, T., Cohen, R. A., Shannon, B., Friedman, L. S., Richardson, D., Yan, R., & Almberg, K. S. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003505
How Gender Shapes Quality of Life in Abu Dhabi: Exploring Inequalities in Roles and Responsibilities
Badri, M. A., Alkhaili, M., Aldhaheri, H., Yang, G., Albahar, M., AlRashdi, A. S., Alzaabi, M., Yaaqeib, S. I., & Alsawai, A. (2025) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2025.138045
California Works for Better Health Initiative A Final Report to the Funders
Kato, L. Y., Godbold, L., Montgomery, J., Rosas, N., & Sherwood, K. E. (2008)
Unemployment among Young People in Sweden : A study on relevant public services
Fang, Y., & Yu, J. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Morrish, N., Mújica-Mota, R., & Medina-Lara, A. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19670168
Testa, A. M., & de Porras, D. G. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26577527
The silent struggle: The Psychosocial Impact of Unemployment on Youth
Dipela, M. P. (2025) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.33086/cdj.v9i2.7405
Unemployment Insurance and ESGPreprint
Hoque, H., Liang, Y., & Ren, B. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6378261
Naïditch, N. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e843388ezd42cz4292zaf5bz52ef076ba780
The Psychological Consequences of Unemployment: A Scoping Review
Aksenova, A. (2025) · Journal of Employment and Career · doi:10.56414/jeac.2024.4.92
Unemployment insurance and ESG
Hoque, H., Liang, Y., & Ren, B. (2026) · Finance research letters · doi:10.1016/j.frl.2026.110399
Gone With the Wind? Impacts of Typhoons on Firm Sales and Productivity
Zhang, Y., Ming, H., Yan, Z., & Tang, Y. (2026) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.71704
Environmental Aspects of Psychiatry
Becker, T., & Sartorius, N. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59519-6_17
Access to Health Care in China: Comparative Study on Data from CHARLS Pilot and SHARE
Okubo, T. (2014) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Exploratory Study of High Risk Behaviours Amongst Muslim Adults Living in Australia
Nazir, R. (2013) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Dooley, D., Fielding, J., & Levi, L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Public Health
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 449-465
- ISSN
- 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2093
- OpenAlex
- W2003764353
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 11.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- unemployment, health, job loss, underemployment, mental health, depression, substance abuse, suicide, laid-off workers, selection effects, employee performance, health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Mental Disorders, Health Status, Humans, Mental Health, Research Design, Risk Factors, Suicide, Unemployment, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
