The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
HEALTH DISPARITIES AND HEALTH EQUITY: Concepts and Measurement
Abstract
▪ Abstract There is little consensus about the meaning of the terms “health disparities,” “health inequalities,” or “health equity.” The definitions can have important practical consequences, determining the measurements that are monitored by governments and international agencies and the activities that will be supported by resources earmarked to address health disparities/inequalities or health equity. This paper aims to clarify the concepts of health disparities/inequalities (used interchangeably here) and health equity, focusing on the implications of different definitions for measurement and hence for accountability. Health disparities/inequalities do not refer to all differences in health. A health disparity/inequality is a particular type of difference in health (or in the most important influences on health that could potentially be shaped by policies); it is a difference in which disadvantaged social groups—such as the poor, racial/ethnic minorities, women, or other groups who have persistently experienced social disadvantage or discrimination—systematically experience worse health or greater health risks than more advantaged social groups. (“Social advantage” refers to one's relative position in a social hierarchy determined by wealth, power, and/or prestige.) Health disparities/inequalities include differences between the most advantaged group in a given category—e.g., the wealthiest, the most powerful racial/ethnic group—and all others, not only between the best- and worst-off groups. Pursuing health equity means pursuing the elimination of such health disparities/inequalities.
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“If algorithms trained on datasets with these characteristics are adopted in healthcare, they may exacerbate health disparities [185].”
From A Comprehensive Review on Synergy of Multi-Modal Data and AI Technologies in Medical Diagnosis (2024) · cites this paper as [185]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, most of the opioid research has been conducted during methadone maintenance (162, 168–170), due to the difficulties conducting research on individuals using illicit drugs.”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [168]
In the citing paper
“Disparities in population health are known to differ on the basis of social rather than biological factors (168).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [168]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age
Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218 · Cited by 2,476
Self-citationSocioeconomic Disparities in Health in the United States: What the Patterns Tell Us
Braveman, P. A., Cubbin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R., & Pamuk, E. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.166082 · Cited by 1,548
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Metadata
- Authors
- Braveman, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Braveman, Paula
- ORCID
- Braveman, Paula
- Venue
- Annual Review of Public Health
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2006-04-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 167-194
- ISSN
- 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2093
- OpenAlex
- W2149533068
- Cited by
- 1,570
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 75
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Public Health Policies and Education
- Keywords
- health disparities, health equity, definitions, measurement, social deprivation, social determinants of health, racial and ethnic minorities, poverty, health monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Social Class, Social Justice, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Vulnerable Populations
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