The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Noninvasive MR Imaging–guided Focal Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Rabbits
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine if focused ultrasound beams can be used to locally open the blood-brain barrier without damage to surrounding brain tissue and if magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used to monitor this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The brains of 18 rabbits were sonicated (pulsed sonication) in four to six locations, with temporal peak acoustic power ranging from 0.2 to 11.5 W. Prior to each sonication, a bolus of ultrasonographic (US) contrast agent was injected into the ear vein of the rabbit. A series of fast or spoiled gradient-echo MR images were obtained during the sonications to monitor the temperature elevation and potential tissue changes. Contrast material-enhanced MR images obtained minutes after sonications and repeated 1-48 hours later were used to depict blood-brain barrier opening. Whole brain histologic evaluation was performed. RESULTS: Opening of the blood-brain barrier was confirmed with detection of MR imaging contrast agent at the targeted locations. The lowest power levels used produced blood-brain barrier opening without damage to the surrounding neurons. Contrast enhancement correlated with the focal signal intensity changes in the magnitude fast spoiled gradient-echo MR images. CONCLUSION: The blood-brain barrier can be consistently opened with focused ultrasound exposures in the presence of a US contrast agent. MR imaging signal intensity changes may be useful in the detection of blood-brain barrier opening during sonication.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hynynen, K., McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., & Jolesz, F. A.
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 220
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 640-646
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2115362657
- Cited by
- 1,456
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 8.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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