The Surface Chemistry of Lithium Electrodes in Alkyl Carbonate Solutions
Abstract
The chemical composition of the surface films formed on lithium in alkyl carbonate solutions was explored using surface sensitive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (external reflectance mode). The solvents included propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate. The salts included LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , and LiPF 6 . The advantages of this work over previous studies are that highly reflective Li surfaces were prepared fresh in solution and that the aging processes of the surface films initially formed could be rigorously investigated. Furthermore, these three important solvents were investigated in a single study. This work further proves that the films initially formed on Li surfaces in these solvents consist of ROCO 2 Li as the major constituents. Upon storage, the films initially formed react with trace water to form Li 2 CO 3 , which gradually also becomes a major surface species. It was found that these aging processes also depend on the salts used (for example ROCO 2 Li or Li 2 CO 3 films are not stable in LiPF 6 or LiBF 4 solutions).
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The SEI formed in the presence of FEC is more ordered and appears to have a multilayer structure, consistent with the multilayer system proposed by Aurbach et al.
“Instead of a random distribution of organic and inorganic components, the SEI formed in the presence of FEC is more ordered and appears to have a multilayer structure, consistent with the multilayer system proposed by Aurbach et al. [167].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [167]
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Zhou, P., Xia, Y., Hou, W., Yan, S., Zhou, H.-Y., Zhang, W., Lu, Y., Wang, P., & Liu, K. (2022) · Nano letters (Print) · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01961 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aurbach, D., Ein‐Ely, Y., & Zaban, A.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Venue
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Published
- 1994-01-01
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- L1-L3
- ISSN
- 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7111
- OpenAlex
- W1970581450
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Keywords
- lithium electrode, surface films, lithium carbonate, lithium alkoxides, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, LiAsF6, lithium perchlorate, LiPF6, lithium tetrafluoroborate, water-induced degradation, lithium metal anode
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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