The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Redox signaling: thiol chemistry defines which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can act as second messengers
Abstract
Except for the role of NO in the activation of guanylate cyclase, which is well established, the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in signal transduction remains controversial, despite a large body of evidence suggestive of their participation in a variety of signaling pathways. Several problems have limited their acceptance as signaling molecules, with the major one being the difficulty in identifying the specific targets for each pathway and the chemical reactions supporting reversible oxidation of these signaling components, consistent with a second messenger role for ROS and RNS. Nevertheless, it has become clear that cysteine residues in the thiolate (i.e., ionized) form that are found in some proteins can be specific targets for reaction with H 2 O 2 and RNS. This review focuses on the chemistry of the reversible oxidation of those thiolates, with a particular emphasis on the critical thiolate found in protein tyrosine phosphatases as an example.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Free Radicals in the Physiological Control of Cell Function
Dröge, W. (2002) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2001 · Cited by 9,855
Schafer, F. Q., & Buettner, G. R. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00480-4 · Cited by 4,587
Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling
Thannickal, V. J., & Fanburg, B. L. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.6.l1005 · Cited by 2,927
Structure, mechanism and regulation of peroxiredoxins
Wood, Z. A., Schröder, E., Robin Harris, J., & Poole, L. B. (2003) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(02)00003-8 · Cited by 2,544
Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase
Arnér, E. S. J., & Holmgren, A. (2000) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01701.x · Cited by 2,525
Lipton, S. A., Choi, Y.-B., Pan, Z.-H., Lei, S. Z., Chen, H.-S. V., Sucher, N. J., Loscalzo, J., Singel, D. J., & Stamler, J. S. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364626a0 · Cited by 2,433
Mammalian thioredoxin is a direct inhibitor of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase (ASK) 1
Saitoh, M., Nishitoh, H., Fujii, M., Takeda, K., Tobiume, K., Sawada, Y., Kawabata, M., Miyazono, K., & Ichijo, H. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.9.2596 · Cited by 2,377
Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology
Zhang, J., Campbell, R. E., Ting, A. Y., & Tsien, R. Y. (2002) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm976 · Cited by 1,981
Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems
Holmgren, A. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71625-6 · Cited by 1,796
Redox signaling: Nitrosylation and related target interactions of nitric oxide
Stamler, J. S. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90269-0 · Cited by 1,723
Cited by
Jones, D. P. (2006) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.1865 · Cited by 1,726
Thiol chemistry and specificity in redox signaling
Winterbourn, C. C., & Hampton, M. B. (2008) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.05.004 · Cited by 1,226
Neuschwander‐Tetri, B. A. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23719 · Cited by 1,077
Redox-based regulation of signal transduction: principles, pitfalls, and promises
Janssen-Heininger, Y. M. W., Mossman, B. T., Heintz, N. H., Forman, H. J., Kalyanaraman, B., Finkel, T., Stamler, J. S., Rhee, S. G., & van der Vliet, A. (2008) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.011 · Cited by 784
Self-citationNitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response
Wink, D. A., Hines, H. B., Cheng, R. Y. S., Switzer, C. H., Flores-Santana, W., Vitek, M. P., Ridnour, L. A., & Colton, C. A. (2011) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1010550 · Cited by 765
Metadata
- Authors
- Forman, H. J., Fukuto, J. M., & Torres, M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 287
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- C246-C256
- ISSN
- 0363-6143 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1563
- OpenAlex
- W2145220191
- Cited by
- 533
- References
- 122
- FWCI
- 11.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Redox signaling: thiol chemistry defines which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can act as second messengers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1152/ajpcell.00516.2003
- The paper
- Forman, H. J., Fukuto, J. M., & Torres, M. (2004). Redox signaling: thiol chemistry defines which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can act as second messengers. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00516.2003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
