The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and the risk of CHD increase with increased adiposity. Fat loss induced by negative energy balance improves all metabolic CHD risk factors. To determine whether fat loss induced by long-term calorie restriction (CR) or increased energy expenditure induced by exercise (EX) has different effects on CHD risk factors in nonobese subjects, we conducted a 1-yr controlled trial involving 48 nonobese subjects who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CR, 20% CR diet ( n = 18); EX, 20% increase in energy expenditure through daily exercise with no increase in energy intake ( n = 18); or HL, healthy lifestyle guidelines ( n = 10). Subjects were 29 women and 17 men aged 57 ± 3 yr, with BMI 27.3 ± 2.0 kg/m 2. Assessments included total body fat by DEXA, lipoproteins, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and estimated 10-yr CHD risk score. Body fat decreased by 6.3 ± 3.8 kg in CR, 5.6 ± 4.4 kg in EX, and 0.4 ± 1.7 kg in HL, which corresponded to reductions of 24.9, 22.3, and 1.2% of baseline body fat mass, respectively. These CR- and EX-induced energy deficits were accompanied by reductions in most of the major CHD risk factors, including plasma LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, HOMA-IR index, and CRP concentrations that were similar in the two intervention groups. Data from the present study provide evidence that CR- and EX-induced negative energy balance result in substantial and similar improvements in the major risk factors for CHD in normal-weight and overweight middle-aged adults.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
Wilson, P. W. F., D’Agostino, R. B., Levy, D., Belanger, A. M., Silbershatz, H., & Kannel, W. B. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837 · Cited by 9,581
Body-Mass Index and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Adults
Calle, E. E., Thun, M. J., Petrelli, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Heath, C. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199910073411501 · Cited by 3,643
Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins
Kraus, W. E., Houmard, J. A., Duscha, B. D., Knetzger, K. J., Wharton, M. B., McCartney, J. S., Bales, C. W., Henes, S., Samsa, G. P., Otvos, J. D., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020194 · Cited by 1,554
Ross, R., Dagnone, D., Jones, P. J. H., Smith, H., Paddags, A., Hudson, R., & Janssen, I. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00008 · Cited by 1,435
Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Leip, E. P., Larson, M. G., D’Agostino, R. B., Beiser, A., Wilson, P. W. F., Wolf, P. A., & Levy, D. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.548206 · Cited by 1,298 · cited 1×
“In a recent study it was reported that people with no CHD risk factors at age 50 yr have a very low remaining lifetime risk for CHD and markedly longer survival, whereas people with more than two major risk factors have high lifetime risk and substantially shorter survival (13).”
BackgroundAbsence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Klein, S., Fontana, L., Young, V. L., Coggan, A. R., Kilo, C., Patterson, B. W., & Mohammed, B. S. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa033179 · Cited by 917
Self-citationMiller, W., Koceja, D., & Hamilton, E. (1997) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800499 · Cited by 686
Stefanick, M. L., Mackey, S., Sheehan, M., Ellsworth, N., Haskell, W. L., & Wood, P. D. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199807023390103 · Cited by 629 · cited 2×
“In those studies, exercise resulted in minimal or no weight loss, because of increased energy intake, noncompliance with exercise, or both (6, 8, 23).”
BackgroundKlein, S., Sheard, N. F., Pi-Sunyer, X., Daly, A., Wylie-Rosett, J., Kulkarni, K., & Clark, N. G. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.8.2067 · Cited by 540
Self-citation
Cited by
Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Miller, M., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C., Bittner, V., Criqui, M. H., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726 · Cited by 1,871
Caloric restriction improves health and survival of rhesus monkeys
Mattison, J. A., Colman, R. J., Beasley, T. M., Allison, D. B., Kemnitz, J. W., Roth, G. S., Ingram, D. K., Weindruch, R., de Cabo, R., & Anderson, R. M. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14063 · Cited by 838
Calorie restriction in humans: An update
Most, J., Tosti, V., Redman, L. M., & Fontana, L. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005 · Cited by 530
Self-citationRavussin, E., Redman, L. M., Rochon, J., Das, S. K., Fontana, L., Kraus, W. E., Romashkan, S., Williamson, D. A., Meydani, S. N., Villareal, D. T., et al. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv057 · Cited by 489
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Fontana, L., Villareal, D. T., Weiss, E. P., Racette, S. B., Steger-May, K., Klein, S., & Holloszy, J. O.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- E197-E202
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2119679507
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 9.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1152/ajpendo.00102.2007
- The paper
- Fontana, L., Villareal, D. T., Weiss, E. P., Racette, S. B., Steger-May, K., Klein, S., & Holloszy, J. O. (2007). Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00102.2007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
