Calorie restriction in humans: An update
Open accessAbstract
Calorie restriction (CR), a nutritional intervention of reduced energy intake but with adequate nutrition, has been shown to extend healthspan and lifespan in rodent and primate models. Accumulating data from observational and randomized clinical trials indicate that CR in humans results in some of the same metabolic and molecular adaptations that have been shown to improve health and retard the accumulation of molecular damage in animal models of longevity. In particular, moderate CR in humans ameliorates multiple metabolic and hormonal factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, the leading causes of morbidity, disability and mortality. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of CR in non-obese humans on these physiological parameters. Special emphasis is committed to recent clinical intervention trials that have investigated the feasibility and effects of CR in young and middle-aged men and women on parameters of energy metabolism and metabolic risk factors of age-associated disease in great detail. Additionally, data from individuals who are either naturally exposed to CR or those who are self-practicing this dietary intervention allows us to speculate on longer-term effects of more severe CR in humans.
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Calorie restriction appears to be a promising method to improve health conditions and extend healthy life in humans.
“It also appears to be a promising method to improve health conditions and extend healthy life in humans [80].”
From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [80]
Caloric restriction without malnutrition may help extend lifespan by preventing age-associated pathogenesis.
“Recent studies [36,37] suggested that caloric restriction without malnutrition, the cornerstone of weight loss, may help to extend lifespan by preventing age-associated pathogenesis.”
Calorie restriction without malnutrition has been shown to be extremely effective in cancer prevention in rodents and monkeys, and in humans results in major reductions of several metabolic and hormonal factors implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous common cancers and in the biology of aging itself.
“Calorie restriction without malnutrition has been shown to be extremely effective in cancer prevention in rodents and monkeys, and in humans results in major reductions of several metabolic and hormonal factors implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous common cancers and in the biology of aging itself (65).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Most, J., Tosti, V., Redman, L. M., & Fontana, L.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Redman, Leanne M.
- Fontana, Luigi
- Venue
- Ageing Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 39
- Pages
- 36-45
- ISSN
- 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5315691
- OpenAlex
- W2508214571
- Cited by
- 530
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 4.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Longer Life Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000448, UL1TR002345)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG020478, U01AG020487, R01AG029914, U01AG020480, U01AG022132)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32AI007172)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK072476)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024992)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, human longevity, healthspan, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, energy metabolism, metabolic risk factors, aging, metabolic adaptation, non-obese adults
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Aging, Adaptation, Physiological, Aging, Energy Intake, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Longevity, Neoplasms, Nutritional Status, Risk Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Caloric Restriction, Observational Studies as Topic
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