Norepinephrine: hormone and neurotransmitter in man.
Abstract
To determine whether norepinephrine could subserve a hormonal as well as a neurotransmitter function, norepinephrine was infused for 60 min into each of five normal young men in doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 microgram/min. After infusion, the plasma norepinephrine concentration fell with a mean (+/-SD) half-time of 2.4 +/- 0.7 min. The mean (+/-SD) norepinephrine metabolic clearance rate was 3,070 +/- 200 ml/min. The calculated basal plasma norepinephrine production rate was 0.7 microgram/min. The blood pressure and circulating glycerol, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose (increased) and the heart rate and circulating insulin, lactate, pyruvate, and alanine (decreased) exhibited highly significant parabolic relationships with the steady-state plasma norepinephrine concentrations. However, norepinephrine levels in excess of 1,800 pg/ml were required to produce hemodynamic and/or metabolic effects. Thus, under usual conditions, the biologic actions of norepinephrine can be attributed only to its sympathetic neurotransmitter function. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations do at times exceed 1,800 pg/ml during exercise and during major acute illness. Thus, under conditions of stress, norepinephrine may subserve a hormonal, as well as a neurotransmitter, function.
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Norepinephrine accelerates its own metabolic clearance.
“Analysis of the primary data from an earlier study (5) from our laboratory revealed a similar effect of norepinephrine on its metabolic clearance.”
From Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man. (1980) · cites this paper as [5]
Epinephrine is ~10 times more potent than norepinephrine in humans.
“Thus, epinephrine is ~10-fold more potent than norepinephrine in humans.”
From Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man. (1980) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citationEthanol causes acute inhibition of carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation and insulin resistance.
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Self-citationHormonal effects of norepinephrine on acute glucose disposal in humans: A minimal model analysis
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Glucoregulation during and after intense exercise: effects of beta-blockade.
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The Prevention and Correction of Hypoglycemia
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- Authors
- Silverberg, A. B., Shah, S. D., Haymond, M. W., & Cryer, P. E.
- ORCID
- Haymond, M W
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1978-03-01
- Volume
- 234
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- E252
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2160126122
- Cited by
- 338
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 15.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- norepinephrine, plasma norepinephrine, norepinephrine infusion, norepinephrine clearance, hormone function, blood pressure, heart rate, glycerol, ketone bodies, glucose, insulin, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, stress, physical activity, acute illness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Physical Exertion, Gluconeogenesis, Heart Rate, Hormones, Humans, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Norepinephrine, Posture, Synapses, Vasoconstriction, Neurotransmitter Agents
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