Oral estrogen antagonizes the metabolic actions of growth hormone in growth hormone-deficient women
Abstract
We have determined whether oral estrogen reduces the biological effects of growth hormone (GH) in GH-deficient (GHD) women compared with transdermal estrogen treatment. In two separate studies, eight GHD women randomly received either oral or transdermal estrogen for 8 wk before crossing over to the alternate route of administration. The first study assessed the effects of incremental doses of GH (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 IU/day for 1 wk each) on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels during each estrogen treatment phase. The second study assessed the effects of GH (2 IU/day) on lipid oxidation and on protein metabolism using the whole body leucine turnover technique. Mean IGF-I level was significantly lower during oral estrogen treatment (P < 0.05) and rose dose dependently during GH administration by a lesser magnitude (P < 0.05) compared with transdermal treatment. Postprandial lipid oxidation was significantly lower with oral estrogen treatment, both before (P < 0.05) and during (P < 0.05) GH administration, compared with transdermal treatment. Protein synthesis was lower during oral estrogen both before and during GH administration (P < 0.05). Oral estrogen antagonizes several of the metabolic actions of GH. It may aggravate body composition abnormalities already present in GHD women and attenuate the beneficial effects of GH therapy. Estrogen replacement in GHD women should be administered by a nonoral route.
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GH sensitivity is further blunted in women on oral oestrogen, either as replacement or oral contraceptives.
“GH sensitivity is further blunted in women on oral oestrogen, either as replacement or oral contraceptives (Span et al., 2000;Wolthers et al., 2001).”
From The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT)-axis and its role in physiology and pathophysiology of other hypothalamus-pituitary functions (2021) · cites this paper as Wolthers et al., 2001
Oestrogen increases GH resistance, thereby preventing positive metabolic effects from GH.
“-Oestrogen increases GH resistance, thereby preventing positive metabolic effects from GH (Feldt-Rasmussen, 2007b;Wolthers et al., 2001)”
From The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT)-axis and its role in physiology and pathophysiology of other hypothalamus-pituitary functions (2021) · cites this paper as Wolthers et al., 2001
Oestrogen replacement increases binding proteins, e.g. TBG, thereby challenging interpretation of thyroid hormone measurements.
“-Oestrogen replacement increases binding proteins, e.g.TBG thereby challenging interpretation of thyroid hormone measurements (Wolthers et al., 2001)”
From The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT)-axis and its role in physiology and pathophysiology of other hypothalamus-pituitary functions (2021) · cites this paper as Wolthers et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Wolthers, T., Hoffman, D. M., Nugent, A. G., Duncan, M. W., Umpleby, M., & Ho, K. K. Y.
- Affiliations
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- Endocrine and Diabetic Unit, St. Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2001-12-01
- Volume
- 281
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- E1191-E1196
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2113298229
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- oral estrogen, transdermal estrogen, growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone therapy, insulin-like growth factor I, protein synthesis, leucine turnover, body composition, women
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Administration, Oral, Adult, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Estradiol, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Hypopituitarism, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Leucine, Medroxyprogesterone, Middle Aged, Proteins, Growth Hormone, Cross-Over Studies, Human Growth Hormone, Progesterone Congeners, Lipid Metabolism
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