Defense of body weight depends on dietary composition and palatability in rats with diet-induced obesity
Open accessAbstract
Sprague-Dawley rats selectively bred for diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet resistance (DR) were characterized on diets of differing energy content and palatability. Over 10 wk, DR rats on a high-energy (HE) diet (31% fat) gained weight similarly to DR rats fed chow (4.5% fat), but they became obese on a palatable liquid diet (Ensure). DIO rats gained 22% more weight on an HE diet and 50% more on Ensure than chow-fed DIO rats. DIO body weight gains plateaued when switched from HE diet to chow. But, Ensure-fed DIO rats switched to chow spontaneously reduced their intake and weight to that of rats switched from HE diet to chow. They also reduced their hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin and dynorphin but not neuropeptide Y mRNA expression by 17–40%. When reexposed to Ensure after 7 wk, they again overate and matched their body weights to rats maintained on Ensure throughout. All Ensure-fed rats had a selective reduction in dynorphin mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Thus genetic background, diet composition, and palatability interact to produce disparate levels of defended body weight and central neuropeptide expression.
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In animal studies, weight gain of HFD group exceeding control by 10-25% is mild to moderate obesity; greater than 40% is severe obesity.
“when the weight gain of the HFD group exceeds the control group by 10–25%, it belongs to mild to moderate obesity. If it is greater than 40%, it belongs to severe obesity.”
From GLP-1RA Liraglutide and Semaglutide Improves Obesity-Induced Muscle Atrophy via SIRT1 Pathway (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Levin, B. E., & Dunn-Meynell, A. A.
- Affiliations
- East Orange VA Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Levin, Barry E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2002-01-01
- Volume
- 282
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- R46-R54
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W1865891749
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK30066)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- diet-induced obesity, body weight regulation, palatability, hypercaloric diet, hypothalamus, dynorphin, proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y, ventromedial hypothalamus, genetic background, dietary intake
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Animal Feed, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Body Weight, Diet, Dynorphins, Eating, Food, Formulated, Male, Neuropeptide Y, Obesity, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, RNA, Messenger, Gene Expression, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Dietary Sucrose, Leptin, Rats
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