Albumin-bound fatty acids but not albumin itself alter redox balance in tubular epithelial cells and induce a peroxide-mediated redox-sensitive apoptosis
Open accessAbstract
Albuminuria is associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. It correlates with the progression of chronic kidney disease, particularly with tubular atrophy. The fatty acid load on albumin significantly increases in obesity, presenting a proinflammatory environment to the proximal tubules. However, little is known about changes in the redox milieu during fatty acid overload and how redox-sensitive mechanisms mediate cell death. Here, we show that albumin with fatty acid impurities or conjugated with palmitate but not albumin itself compromised mitochondrial and cell viability, membrane potential and respiration. Fatty acid overload led to a redox imbalance which deactivated the antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin 2 and caused a peroxide-mediated apoptosis through the redox-sensitive pJNK/caspase-3 pathway. Transfection of tubular cells with peroxiredoxin 2 was protective and mitigated apoptosis. Mitochondrial fatty acid entry and ceramide synthesis modulators suggested that mitochondrial β oxidation but not ceramide synthesis may modulate lipotoxic effects on tubular cell survival. These results suggest that albumin overloaded with fatty acids but not albumin itself changes the redox environment in the tubules, inducing a peroxide-mediated redox-sensitive apoptosis. Thus, mitigating circulating fatty acid levels may be an important factor in both preserving redox balance and preventing tubular cell damage in proteinuric diseases.
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Individuals with diabetes and CKD have high levels of circulating lipids that are filtered by the kidney and accumulate in tubular epithelial cells, which may lead to fibrosis and accelerated CKD progression.
“Individuals with diabetes and CKD have high levels of circulating lipids that are filtered by the kidney and accumulate in tubular epithelial cells, which may lead to fibrosis and accelerated CKD progression.23, 24”
From Associations of Fenofibrate Therapy With Incidence and Progression of CKD in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
The Abstract (page unavailable) says that albumin can carry fatty acids to proximal tubules, that albumin becomes saturated with fatty acids in proteinuric diseases such as diabetes, and that these fatty acids may aggravate tubulointerstitial injury. It also links proteinuria with renal-disease progression and fibrosis. It does not establish that people with both diabetes and CKD generally have high circulating lipid levels, or that filtered lipids accumulate inside tubular epithelial cells and thereby accelerate CKD progression. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Ruggiero, C., Elks, C. M., Kruger, C., Cleland, E., Addison, K., Noland, R. C., & Stadler, K.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana;
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2014-04-15
- Volume
- 306
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- F896-F906
- ISSN
- 1522-1466 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-857X
- PMC
- PMC3989633
- OpenAlex
- W2330399991
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM103528)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R00DK083615, DK083615, P30DK072476)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- albuminuria, albumin-bound fatty acids, palmitate, redox imbalance, peroxiredoxin 2, apoptosis, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, ceramide synthesis, tubular epithelial cells, chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MeSH terms
- Albumins, Animals, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Epithelial Cells, Fatty Acids, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, Mitochondria, Oxidation-Reduction, Palmitates, Serum Albumin, Bovine, Apoptosis, Rats, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Peroxiredoxins
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