Cited by 285Sodium Intake and HealthElectrolyte and hormonal disordersBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

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High dietary sodium chloride consumption may not induce body fluid retention in humans

Heer, Martina, Baisch, Friedhelm, Kropp, Joachim, Gerzer, Rupert, Drummer, Christian·2000·American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

DOI 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.4.f585

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Abstract

A commonly accepted hypothesis is that a chronically high-sodium diet expands extracellular volume and finally reaches a steady state where sodium intake and output are balanced whereas extracellular volume is expanded. However, in a recent study where the main purpose was to investigate the role of natriuretic peptides under day-to-day sodium intake conditions (Heer M, Drummer C, Baisch F, and Gerzer R. Pflügers Arch 425: 390-394, 1993), our laboratory observed increases in plasma volume without any rise in extracellular volume. To scrutinize these results that were observed as a side effect, we performed a controlled, randomized study including 32 healthy male test subjects in a metabolic ward. The NaCl intake ranged from a low level of 50 meq NaCl/day to 200, 400, and 550 meq/day, respectively. Plasma volume dose dependently increased (P < 0.01), being elevated by 315 +/- 37 ml in the 550-meq-NaCl-intake group. However, in contrast to the increased plasma volume, comparable to study I, total body water did not increase. In parallel, body mass also did not increase. Mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, as an index for intracellular volume, was also unchanged. We conclude from the results of these two independently conducted studies that under the chosen study conditions, in contrast to present opinions, high sodium intake does not induce total body water storage but induces a relative fluid shift from the interstitial into the intravascular space.

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Kamel, K. S., Schreiber, M., & Halperin, M. L. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815389-5.00058-7
Reproducibility of Water Diuresis: Implications for Establishing the Beverage Hydration Index of a Sugar-Free Caffeinated Electrolyte Beverage
Bassett, S. D., Hack, B., Harp, A., & Millard-Stafford, M. L. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18193279
“In contrast, other clinical human studies reported increased salt intake from 0.6 g/d to 24 g/d did not change fluid intake or urine volume [34], and increased salt intake did not induce body fluid retention [35].”
Influential
Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction
James, L. J. (2012) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)

Authors: Heer, M., Baisch, F., Kropp, J., Gerzer, R., & Drummer, C.
Affiliations: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
ORCID: Heer, Martina
Gerzer, Rupert
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2000-04-01
Volume: 278
Issue: 4
Pages: F585-F595
ISSN: 1522-1466 (ISSN-L)
1931-857X
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.4.f585
OpenAlex: W2140024548
Cited by: 285
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 6.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords: high sodium intake, dietary salt, plasma expansion, extracellular volume, total body water, fluid retention, fluid shifts, interstitial fluid, mean corpuscular volume, natriuretic peptides, sodium balance
MeSH terms: Adult, Blood Pressure, Blood Volume, Body Fluid Compartments, Body Fluids, Body Water, Body Weight, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Diuresis, Electrolytes, Hormones, Humans, Male

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High dietary sodium chloride consumption may not induce body fluid retention in humans

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