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Disposal of blood [1-13c] lactate in humans during rest and exercise
Abstract
Lactate irreversible disposal (RiLa) and oxidation (RoxLa) rates were studied in six male subjects during rest (Re), easy exercise [EE, 140 min of cycling at 50% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2max)] and hard exercise (HE, 65 min at 75% VO2max). Twenty minutes into each condition, subjects received a Na+-L(+)-[1-13C]lactate intravenous bolus injection. Blood was sampled intermittently from the contralateral arm for metabolite levels, acid-base status, and enrichment of 13C in lactate. Expired air was monitored continuously for determination of respiratory parameters, and aliquots were collected for determination of 13C enrichment in CO2. Steady-rate values for O2 consumption (VO2) were 0.33 +/- 0.01, 2.11 +/- 0.03, and 3.10 +/- 0.03 l/min for Re, EE, and HE, respectively. Corresponding values of blood lactate levels were 0.84 +/- 0.01, 1.33 +/- 0.05, and 4.75 +/- 0.28 mM in the three conditions. Blood lactate disposal rates were significantly correlated to VO2 (r = 0.78), averaging 123.4 +/- 20.7, 245.5 +/- 40.3, and 316.2 +/- 53.7 mg X kg-1 X h-1 during Re, EE, and HE, respectively. Lactate oxidation rate was also linearly related to VO2 (r = 0.81), and the percentage of RiLa oxidized increased from 49.3% at rest to 87.0% during exercise. A curvilinear relationship was found between RiLa and blood lactate concentration. It was concluded that, in humans, 1) lactate disposal (turnover) rate is directly related to the metabolic rate, 2) oxidation is the major fate of lactate removal during exercise, and 3) blood lactate concentration is not an accurate indicator of lactate disposal and oxidation.
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“Most lactate disposal occurs via oxidation in working skeletal muscle during prolonged endurance exercise, but other tissues such as the brain, liver and kidneys are also involved in lactate turnover [121,122,123].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [121]
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BackgroundBalance of carbohydrate and lipid utilization during exercise: the "crossover" concept
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ResultInfluentialSelf-citationIsomaltulose Improves Postexercise Glycemia by Reducing CHO Oxidation in T1DM
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“JO/Vmax values for each fuel combination can be found in supplementary material Table S2.”
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Lactate production cannot be measured with tracer techniques
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Self-citationLactate metabolism during exercise in patients with mitochondrial myopathy
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Gómez, H., & Mizock, B. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44942-7.00067-4 · Cited by 34
Kelley, K. M., Hamann, J. J., Navarre, C. B., & Gladden, L. B. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01119.2001 · Cited by 27
“is similar to reported values for lactate oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in whole dogs (19, 34), rats (20), and humans (35, 42).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffects of L-Lactate and D-Mannitol on γ-Hydroxybutyrate Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics in Rats
Wang, Q., Wang, X., & Morris, M. E. (2008) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.108.022996 · Cited by 27
“The clearance of L-lactate in humans at rest has been reported to be 22.7 to 27 ml min 1 kg 1 (Mazzeo et al., 1986; Stanley et al., 1988), which is much lower than that in the rat at rest (180.6 ml min 1 kg 1) (Donovan and Brooks, 1983).”
BackgroundInfluentialBlood lactate disappearance after maximal exercise in trained and detrained horses
Rainger, J., EVANS, D. L., Hodgson, D. R. W., et al. (1994) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/0034-5288(94)90125-2 · Cited by 27
Effect of Endurance Swimming on the Lactate Kinetics of Rainbow Trout
Weber, J. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.158.1.463 · Cited by 26
Takahashi, K., Kitaoka, Y., Yamamoto, K., Matsunaga, Y., & Hatta, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030770 · Cited by 25
“Lactate oxidation is increased during exercise [57], whereas lactate partially serves as a substrate for glycogen formation after exercise [58].”
BackgroundThe Metabolic Systems: Anaerobic Metabolism (Glycolytic and Phosphagen)
Brooks, G. A., & Gladden, L. B. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9_8 · Cited by 25
Self-citationAge and training effects on the lactate kinetics of master athletes during maximal exercise
Mass�-Biron, J., Mercier, J., Collomp, K., et al. (1992) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00868133 · Cited by 25
“Combined with the maintenance of this enzymatic activity, the improvement in elimination capacity has been shown to contribute to slowing down the increase and accumulation of lactate (Mazzeo et al. 1986).”
BackgroundSmall neutral molecular carriers for selective carboxylate transport
Haynes, C. J. E., Berry, S. N., Garric, J., Herniman, J., Hiscock, J. R., Kirby, I. L., Light, M. E., Perkes, G., & Gale, P. A. (2012) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c2cc37468d · Cited by 24
Quantification of nutrient fluxes during acute exercise in mice
Axsom, J., TeSlaa, T. A., Lee, W. D., Chu, Q., Cowan, A. J., Bornstein, M. R., Neinast, M. D., Bartman, C., Blair, M. C., Li, K., et al. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.09.010 · Cited by 23
Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters ( MCT ) 1 and 4 reduces exercise capacity in mice
Kitaoka, Y., Takahashi, K., & Hatta, H. (2022) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15457 · Cited by 23
“Since both human (Mazzeo et al., 1986) and mouse (Kitaoka et al., 2016) studies have shown that blood lactate concentration declines rapidly after lactate injection under normal conditions, we evaluated the time- dependent changes in blood lactate concentration during LTT in 4- CIN- administered…”
BackgroundMonocarboxylate transporter and lactate metabolism
Kitaoka, Y., Hoshino, D., & Hatta, H. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.1.247 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Mazzeo, R. S., Brooks, G. A., Schoeller, D. A., & Budinger, T. F.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1986-01-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 232-241
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1952016433
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AM-195 77)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- blood lactate, lactate oxidation, physical activity, oxygen consumption, blood lactate concentration, metabolic rate, acid-base status, cycling exercise
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicarbonates, Blood Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Isotopes, Physical Exertion, Homeostasis, Humans, Lactates, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Respiration, Rest
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