Effect of low blood glucose on plasma CRF, ACTH, and cortisol during prolonged physical exercise
Abstract
The effects of low blood glucose concentration during low-intensity prolonged physical exercise on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis were investigated in healthy young men. In experiment 1, six subjects who had fasted for 14 h performed bicycle exercise at 50% of their maximal O2 uptake until exhaustion. At the end of the exercise, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol increased significantly. However, this hormonal response was totally abolished when the same subjects exercised at the same intensity while blood glucose concentrations were maintained at the preexercise level. In experiment 2, in addition to ACTH and cortisol, the possible changes in plasma concentration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) were investigated during exercise of the same intensity performed by six subjects. As suggested by a previous study (Tabata et al. Clin. Physiol. Oxf. 4: 299–307, 1984), when the blood glucose concentrations decreased to less than 3.3 mM, plasma concentrations of CRF, ACTH, and cortisol showed a significant increase. At exhaustion, further increases were observed in plasma CRF, ACTH, and cortisol concentrations. These results demonstrate that decreases in blood glucose concentration trigger the pituitary-adrenocortical axis to enhance secretion of ACTH and cortisol during low-intensity prolonged exercise in humans. The data also might suggest that this activation is due to increased concentration of CRF, which was shown to increase when blood glucose concentration decreased to a critical level of 3.3 mM.
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The HPA axis plays a key role in mobilizing energy resources in conditions of reduced energy supply, such as during hypoglycemia.
“The HPA axis plays a key role in mobilizing energy resources in conditions of reduced energy supply, such as during hypoglycemia [23].”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Tabata, I., Ogita, F., Miyachi, M., & Shibayama, H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Physiology and Biomechanics, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1991-11-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1807-1812
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2108772992
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- hypoglycemia, blood glucose, corticotropin-releasing factor, ACTH, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, prolonged exercise, low-intensity exercise, exercise exhaustion, fasting
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Blood Glucose, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypoglycemia, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Exercise
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