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Energy Availability, Not Body Fatness, Regulates Reproductive Function in Women
Abstract
In Brief LOUCKS, A. B. Energy availability, not body fatness, regulates reproductive function in women. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 144–148, 2003. The morbid consequences of menstrual disorders in athletes require medical diagnosis and treatment. Reproductive disruption appears to occur when energy availability (dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure) falls below a threshold between 20 and 30 kcal ·kgLBM−1·d−1, and some women may be more severely affected than others by subthreshold energy availability. Exercise appears to have no suppressive effect on menstrual function beyond the impact of its energy cost on energy availability.
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Females with menstrual dysfunction exhibit greater elevations in cortisol and decreases in resting metabolic rate and estradiol the longer they delay nutrition intake post-exercise.
“Research has demonstrated that females with menstrual dysfunction exhibit greater elevations in cortisol and decreases in RMR and estradiol the longer they delay nutrition intake, post-exercise [62].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
Energy availability is likely to vary between training days as a function of exercise energy expenditure.
“EA is likely to vary between training days (as a function of EEE)”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
Within-day periods of low energy intake over 24 hours are associated with negative health indices and body composition changes despite optimal daily energy availability values.
“it is the within-day periods of low energy intake over 24-hours that are associated with negative health indices and body composition changes despite optimal daily EA values [62,152].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Loucks, A. B.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Loucks, Anne B.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 144-148
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013074672
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR-00034, M01RR000034)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- energy availability, reproductive function, menstrual disorders, female athletes, adiposity, exercise energy expenditure, energy intake, reproductive disruption
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Menstruation Disturbances, Reproduction, Sports
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