Cited by 238Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyRespiratory Support and MechanismsChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research

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Smaller lungs in women affect exercise hyperpnea

McClaran, Steven R., Harms, Craig A., Pegelow, David F., Dempsey, Jerome A.·1998·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.6.1872

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Abstract

We subjected 29 healthy young women (age: 27 ± 1 yr) with a wide range of fitness levels [maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max): 57 ± 6 ml ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1; 35–70 ml ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1] to a progressive treadmill running test. Our subjects had significantly smaller lung volumes and lower maximal expiratory flow rates, irrespective of fitness level, compared with predicted values for age- and height-matched men. The higher maximal workload in highly fit (V˙o 2 max> 57 ml ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1, n = 14) vs. less-fit (V˙o 2 max< 56 ml ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1, n = 15) women caused a higher maximal ventilation (V˙e) with increased tidal volume (Vt) and breathing frequency (f b) at comparable maximal Vt/vital capacity (VC). More expiratory flow limitation (EFL; 22 ± 4% of Vt) was also observed during heavy exercise in highly fit vs. less-fit women, causing higher end-expiratory and end-inspiratory lung volumes and greater usage of their maximum available ventilatory reserves. HeO 2(79% He-21% O 2) vs. room air exercise trials were compared (with screens added to equalize external apparatus resistance). HeO 2 increased maximal expiratory flow rates (20–38%) throughout the range of VC, which significantly reduced EFL during heavy exercise. When EFL was reduced with HeO 2, Vt, f b, andV˙e (+16 ± 2 l/min) were significantly increased during maximal exercise. However, in the absence of EFL (during room air exercise), HeO 2 had no effect onV˙e. We conclude that smaller lung volumes and maximal flow rates for women in general, and especially highly fit women, caused increased prevalence of EFL during heavy exercise, a relative hyperinflation, an increased reliance on f b, and a greater encroachment on the ventilatory “reserve.” Consequently, Vt andV˙e are mechanically constrained during maximal exercise in many fit women because the demand for high expiratory flow rates encroaches on the airways’ maximum flow-volume envelope.

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Authors: McClaran, S. R., Harms, C. A., Pegelow, D. F., & Dempsey, J. A.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID: Dempsey, Jerome A.
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1998-06-01
Volume: 84
Issue: 6
Pages: 1872-1881
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.6.1872
OpenAlex: W2156961077
Cited by: 238
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 9.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 15469)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Keywords: sex differences in lung function, women, exercise hyperpnea, expiratory flow limitation, maximal expiratory flow, lung volume, ventilatory reserve, VO2max, treadmill running, helium-oxygen breathing, tidal volume, respiratory rate, respiratory mechanics
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aerobiosis, Blood Gas Analysis, Blood Volume, Body Height, Female, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lung, Lung Volume Measurements, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Potassium, Respiratory Function Tests, Vital Capacity, Exercise, Lactic Acid

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Smaller lungs in women affect exercise hyperpnea

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