Effects of gender on exercise-induced growth hormone release
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We examined gender differences in growth hormone (GH) secretion during rest and exercise. Eighteen subjects (9 women and 9 men) were tested on two occasions each [resting condition (R) and exercise condition (Ex)]. Blood was sampled at 10-min intervals from 0600 to 1200 and was assayed for GH by chemiluminescence. At R, women had a 3.69-fold greater mean calculated mass of GH secreted per burst compared with men (5.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.4 microg/l, respectively) and higher basal (interpulse) GH secretion rates, which resulted in greater GH production rates and serum GH area under the curve (AUC; 1,107 +/- 194 vs. 595 +/- 146 microg x l(-1) x min, women vs. men; P = 0.04). Compared with R, Ex resulted in greater mean mass of GH secreted per burst, greater mean GH secretory burst amplitude, and greater GH AUC (1,196 +/- 211 vs. 506 +/- 90 microg x l(-1) x min, Ex vs. R, respectively; P < 0.001). During Ex, women attained maximal serum GH concentrations significantly earlier than men (24 vs. 32 min after initiation of Ex, respectively; P = 0.004). Despite this temporal disparity, both genders had similar maximal serum GH concentrations. The change in AUC (adjusted for unequal baselines) was similar for men and women (593 +/- 201 vs. 811 +/- 268 microg x l(-1) x min), but there were significant gender-by-condition interactive effects on GH secretory burst mass, pulsatile GH production rate, and maximal serum GH concentration. We conclude that, although women exhibit greater absolute GH secretion rates than men both at rest and during exercise, exercise evokes a similar incremental GH response in men and women. Thus the magnitude of the incremental secretory GH response is not gender dependent.
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Endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age.
“The proposal that the sex difference in muscle mass and function might be due to sex differences in endogenous GH secretion (116) is refuted by the extensive and conclusive clinical evidence that endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age (163–170).”
From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [163]
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- Authors
- Wideman, L., Weltman, J. Y., Shah, N., Story, S., Veldhuis, J. D., & Weltman, A.
- Affiliations
- Department of Medicine, and
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1999-09-01
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1154-1162
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2179378283
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG 147991)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00847, M01RR000847)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- growth hormone secretion, gender differences, physical activity, pulsatile hormone secretion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Sex Characteristics, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Anaerobic Threshold, Exercise, Lactic Acid, Human Growth Hormone, Area Under Curve
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