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Cited by 87Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsExercise and Physiological ResponsesCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Gender governs the relationship between exercise intensity and growth hormone release in young adults

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Pritzlaff-Roy, Cathy J., Widemen, Laurie, Weltman, Judy Y., Abbott, Rob, Gutgesell, Margaret, Hartman, Mark L., Veldhuis, Johannes D., Weltman, Arthur·2002·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01018.2001
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Abstract

We previously reported that in young adult males growth hormone (GH) release is related to exercise intensity in a linear dose-response manner (Pritzlaff et al. J Appl Physiol 87: 498-504, 1999). To investigate the effects of gender and exercise intensity on GH release, eight women (24.3 +/- 1.3 yr, 171 +/- 3.2 cm height, 63.6 +/- 8.7 kg weight) were each tested on six randomly ordered occasions [1 control condition (C), 5 exercise conditions (Ex)]. Serum GH concentrations were measured in samples obtained at 10-min intervals between 0700 and 0900 (baseline) and 0900 and 1300 (Ex + recovery or C). Integrated GH concentrations (IGHC) were calculated by trapezoidal reconstruction. During Ex, subjects exercised for 30 min (0900-0930) at one of the following intensities [normalized to the lactate threshold (LT)]: 25 and 75% of the difference between LT and rest, at LT, and at 25 and 75% of the difference between LT and peak O2 uptake. No differences were observed among conditions for baseline IGHC. To determine whether total (Ex + recovery) IGHC changed with increasing exercise intensity, slopes associated with individual linear regression models were subjected to a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. To test for gender differences, data in women were compared with the previously published data in men. A Wilcoxon ranked-sums two-tailed test was used to analyze the slopes and intercepts from the regression models. Total IGHC increased linearly with increasing exercise intensity. The slope and intercept values for the relationship between total IGHC and exercise intensity were greater in women than in men. Deconvolution analysis (0700-1300 h) revealed that, regardless of gender, increasing exercise intensity resulted in a linear increase in the mass of GH secreted per pulse and summed GH production rate, with no changes in GH secretory pulse frequency or apparent half-life of elimination. Exercise reduced the half-duration of GH secretory burst in men but not in women. Gender comparisons revealed that women had greater basal (nonpulsatile) GH secretion across all conditions, more frequent GH secretory pulses, a greater GH secretory pulse amplitude, a greater production rate, and a trend for a greater mass of GH secreted per pulse than men. We conclude that, in young adults, the GH secretory response to exercise is related to exercise intensity in a linear dose-response pattern. For each incremental increase in exercise intensity, the fractional stimulation of GH secretion is greater in women than in men.

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  • Endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age.

    “The proposal that the sex difference in muscle mass and function might be due to sex differences in endogenous GH secretion (116) is refuted by the extensive and conclusive clinical evidence that endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age (163–170).”

    From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [170]

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Authors
Pritzlaff-Roy, C. J., Widemen, L., Weltman, J. Y., Abbott, R., Gutgesell, M., Hartman, M. L., Veldhuis, J. D., & Weltman, A.
Affiliations
  • Departments of Human Services,
  • Medicine, and
  • University of Virginia (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2002-05-01
Volume
92
Issue
5
Pages
2053-2060
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.01018.2001
OpenAlex
W2140394911
Cited by
87
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI
4.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Research Resources (RR 00847, M01RR000847)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
growth hormone secretion, exercise intensity, sex differences, lactate threshold, pulsatile hormone secretion, young women, young men, dose-response relationship
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Body Composition, Exercise Test, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Oxygen Consumption, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Linear Models, Lactic Acid, Human Growth Hormone

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