The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Invited Review: Cell localization, physiology, and nongenomic actions of estrogen receptors
Abstract
The existence of binding proteins for the female sex steroid, 17β-estradiol, has been known for almost 50 years. Presently, two estrogen receptors (ERs), ER-α and ER-β, have been cloned in mammals, and they are expressed in many cell types of metazoans. ERs act primarily as nuclear transcription factors, and this effect is enhanced by ligand binding. Emerging data have identified a separate pool of receptors for this steroid in the plasma membrane, but the mechanisms of action and cellular functions of these proteins are just beginning to be defined. In this review, the known details of the nuclear and plasma membrane ER functions will be discussed. A particular focus will be to define the signaling pathways from the membrane that lead to important cell physiology effects of estrogen. The potential interactions of membrane ER with other local proteins will also be discussed, and the unique but often complementary roles of the receptor pools will be highlighted. These details may be of additional relevance to other steroid receptors, since there is evidence of their existence in the cell membrane.
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Cites
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Cited by
Estrogen receptors: how do they signal and what are their targets
Heldring, N., Pike, A., Andersson, S., Matthews, J., Cheng, G., Hartman, J., Tujague, M., Ström, A., Treuter, E., Warner, M., et al. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00026.2006 · Cited by 1,857
Integration of the extranuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen
Levin, E. R. (2005) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2004-0390 · Cited by 708
Self-citationEstrogen: A master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body
Rettberg, J. R., Yao, J., & Brinton, R. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.08.001 · Cited by 534
Potential Mechanisms of Bisphenol A (BPA) Contributing to Human Disease
Cimmino, I., Fiory, F., Perruolo, G., Miele, C., Beguinot, F., Formisano, P., & Oriente, F. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21165761 · Cited by 478
Proximal Events in Signaling by Plasma Membrane Estrogen Receptors
Razandi, M., Pedram, A., Park, S. T., & Levin, E. R. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m205692200 · Cited by 473
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Metadata
- Authors
- Levin, E. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2001-10-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1860-1867
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2292249227
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 85
- FWCI
- 8.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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