Protein kinase B/Akt: a nexus of growth factor and cytokine signaling in determining muscle mass

Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex

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The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–AKT pathway in human cancer

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Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B

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The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise

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TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling

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Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy.

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Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres

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The IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors.

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Insulin Resistance and a Diabetes Mellitus-Like Syndrome in Mice Lacking the Protein Kinase Akt2 (PKBβ)

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Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth

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Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR and PI(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways

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Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I

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SIN1/MIP1 Maintains rictor-mTOR Complex Integrity and Regulates Akt Phosphorylation and Substrate Specificity

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IKKβ/NF-κB Activation Causes Severe Muscle Wasting in Mice

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Localized Igf-1 transgene expression sustains hypertrophy and regeneration in senescent skeletal muscle

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PGC-1α protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription

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Growth retardation and increased apoptosis in mice with homozygous disruption of the akt1 genePreprint

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Dwarfism, impaired skin development, skeletal muscle atrophy, delayed bone development, and impeded adipogenesis in mice lacking Akt1 and Akt2.Preprint

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AMP-activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Protein Synthesis in Rat Skeletal Muscle through Down-regulated Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling

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Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle Remodeling

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Severe diabetes, age-dependent loss of adipose tissue, and mild growth deficiency in mice lacking Akt2/PKBβ

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IGF-1 induces skeletal myocyte hypertrophy through calcineurin in association with GATA-2 and NF-ATc1

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Myogenic Vector Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor I Stimulates Muscle Cell Differentiation and Myofiber Hypertrophy in Transgenic Mice

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Signaling Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms through which Branched-Chain Amino Acids Mediate Translational Control of Protein Synthesis

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Hexokinase-Mitochondria Interaction Mediated by Akt Is Required to Inhibit Apoptosis in the Presence or Absence of Bax and Bak

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mTOR·RICTOR Is the Ser473 Kinase for Akt/Protein Kinase B in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

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The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway Regulates Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Oxidative Capacity

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The translation factor eIF-4E promotes tumor formation and cooperates with c-Myc in lymphomagenesis

Ruggero, D., Montanaro, L., Ma, L., Xu, W. G., Londei, P., Cordon‐Cardo, C., & Pandolfi, P. P. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1042 · Cited by 592 · see citing works

Akt activates the mammalian target of rapamycin by regulating cellular ATP level and AMPK activity

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Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Inversely Regulates Atrophy-induced Genes via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) Pathway*

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Identification of Sin1 as an essential TORC2 component required for complex formation and kinase activityPreprint

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Myostatin induces cachexia by activating the ubiquitin proteolytic system through an NF‐κB‐independent, FoxO1‐dependent mechanism

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Selective activation of AMPK‐PGC‐1α or PKB‐TSC2‐mTOR signaling can explain specific adaptive responses to endurance or resistance training‐like electrical muscle stimulation

Atherton, P. J., Babraj, J. A., Smith, K., Singh, J., Rennie, M. J., & Wackerhage, H. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2179fje · Cited by 475 · see citing works

Conditional Activation of Akt in Adult Skeletal Muscle Induces Rapid Hypertrophy

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Tumor Necrosis Factor α Produces Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle by Activation of Inhibitor κB Kinase in a p38 MAPK-dependent Manner

de Álvaro, C., Teruel, T., Hernández, R., & Lorenzo, M. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m312021200 · Cited by 430 · see citing works

AMPK activation increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle by activating PPARα and PGC-1

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Control of the size of the human muscle mass

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Identification of a tumour suppressor network opposing nuclear Akt function

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PML inhibits HIF-1α translation and neoangiogenesis through repression of mTOR

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Muscle-specific expression of IGF-1 blocks angiotensin II–induced skeletal muscle wasting

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Constitutive activation of protein kinase B alpha by membrane targeting promotes glucose and system A amino acid transport, protein synthesis, and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in L6 muscle cells.

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Different roles of the IGF‐I Ec peptide (MGF) and mature IGF‐I in myoblast proliferation and differentiation

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Targeted ablation of IKK2 improves skeletal muscle strength, maintains mass, and promotes regeneration

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Insulin and amino-acid regulation of mTOR signaling and kinase activity through the Rheb GTPase

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Insulin Signalling and Insulin Actions in the Muscles and Livers of Insulin-Resistant, Insulin Receptor Substrate 1-Deficient Mice

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AS160 Regulates Insulin- and Contraction-stimulated Glucose Uptake in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

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Myostatin Gene Deletion Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Atrophy

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Energy Deregulation: Licensing Tumors to Grow

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S-Nitrosylation-dependent Inactivation of Akt/Protein Kinase B in Insulin Resistance

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Exercise and Toll-like receptors

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Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Extends in VitroReplicative Life Span of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Enhancing G1/S Cell Cycle Progression via the Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway

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Muscle-Specific Pten Deletion Protects against Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

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L-leucine availability regulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p70 S6 kinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity in L6 muscle cells: evidence for the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the L-leucine-induced up-regulation of system A amino acid transport.

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Regulation of insulin-like growth factor–dependent myoblast differentiation by Foxo forkhead transcription factors

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Expansion and redifferentiation of adult human pancreatic islet cells

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FOXO‐dependent expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim: pivotal role for apoptosis signaling in endothelial progenitor cells

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Activated Akt promotes increased resting T cell size, CD28‐independent T cell growth, and development of autoimmunity and lymphoma

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Contraction Regulation of Akt in Rat Skeletal Muscle

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Localization of Rheb to the endomembrane is critical for its signaling function

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Impairment of Insulin Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells by Co-Culture With Human Adipocytes

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Differential Contribution of Insulin Receptor Substrates 1 Versus 2 to Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in L6 Myotubes

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Protein Kinase B Localization and Activation Differentially Affect S6 Kinase 1 Activity and Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E-Binding Protein 1 Phosphorylation

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Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins by tumor necrosis factor

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Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of the human serine/threonine kinase Akt‐3

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Myogenic Akt Signaling Regulates Blood Vessel Recruitment during Myofiber Growth

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Differential tissue regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I content and binding proteins after endotoxin.

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NF-κB-Mediated MyoD Decay during Muscle Wasting Requires Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA Stabilization, HuR Protein, and Nitric Oxide Release

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Palmitate-Mediated Downregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α in Skeletal Muscle Cells Involves MEK1/2 and Nuclear Factor-κB Activation

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Role of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Decline in the Induction of Atrogin-1/MAFbx during Fasting and Diabetes

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Overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α down-regulates GLUT4 mRNA in skeletal muscles.

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IL-1 receptor antagonist attenuates sepsis-induced alterations in the IGF system and protein synthesis

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Muscle damage impairs insulin stimulation of IRS-1, PI 3-kinase, and Akt-kinase in human skeletal muscle

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Hormone, cytokine, and nutritional regulation of sepsis-induced increases in atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle

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Loss of class IA PI3K signaling in muscle leads to impaired muscle growth, insulin response, and hyperlipidemia

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Chronic Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Downregulates Insulin Receptor Substrates 1 and 2 and AKT Activation

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Role for IκBα, but not c-Rel, in skeletal muscle atrophy

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ATP Stimulates Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation via Protein Kinase C, Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase/Akt, and Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways

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Burn injury impairs insulin-stimulated Akt/PKB activation in skeletal muscle

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Overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α leads to muscle atrophy with depletion of ATP.

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Regulation of Myostatin by Glucocorticoids After Thermal Injury

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IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ameliorates alterations in protein synthesis, eIF4E availability, and myostatin in alcohol-fed rats

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Induction of mRNA for IGF-I and -II during growth hormone-stimulated muscle hypertrophy

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Multifaceted roles of TNF‐α in myoblast destruction: A multitude of signal transduction pathways

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Skeletal muscle cytokines: regulation by pathogen-associated molecules and catabolic hormones

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Sepsis-induced suppression of skeletal muscle translation initiation mediated by tumor necrosis factor α

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Akt1 and Akt2 Differently Regulate Muscle Creatine Kinase and Myogenin Gene Transcription in Insulin-Induced Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

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Endotoxin disrupts the leucine‐signaling pathway involving phosphorylation of mTOR, 4E‐BP1, and S6K1 in skeletal muscle

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Burn-induced increase in atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in skeletal muscle is glucocorticoid independent but downregulated by IGF-I

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Targeted disruption of iNOS prevents LPS-induced <i>S</i>-nitrosation of IRβ/IRS-1 and Akt and insulin resistance in muscle of mice

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Binding of protein kinase B to the plakin family member periplakin

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Impact of endotoxin on UCP homolog mRNA abundance, thermoregulation, and mitochondrial proton leak kinetics

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Cardiac protection by mitoKATPchannels is dependent on Akt translocation from cytosol to mitochondria during late preconditioning

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Muscle glycogen content in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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A new pro-migratory activity on human myogenic precursor cells for a synthetic peptide within the E domain of the mechano growth factor

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Cytokine inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling: a new mechanism of growth hormone resistance

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Threonine 308 phosphorylated form of akt translocates to the nucleus of PC12 cells under nerve growth factor stimulation and associates with the nuclear matrix protein nucleolin

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Fatiguing exercise reduces DNA binding activity of NF-κB in skeletal muscle nuclei

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I/IGF-Binding Protein-3 Complex: Therapeutic Efficacy and Mechanism of Protection against Type 1 Diabetes

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Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I in skeletal muscle and muscle cells.

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IGF-I/IGFBP-3 binary complex modulates sepsis-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle

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Lipopolysaccharide stimulates nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in murine skeletal muscle and C2C12 myoblasts via Toll-like receptor-4 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathways

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Impairment of IGF-I gene splicing and MGF expression associated with muscle wasting

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Differential effect of sepsis on ability of leucine and IGF-I to stimulate muscle translation initiation

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Alteration of somatotropic function by proinflammatory cytokines.

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IGF-I does not prevent myotube atrophy caused by proinflammatory cytokines despite activation of Akt/Foxo and GSK-3β pathways and inhibition of atrogin-1 mRNA

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Meal feeding enhances formation of eIF4F in skeletal muscle: role of increased eIF4E availability and eIF4G phosphorylation

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Functional limitations to glucose uptake in muscles comprised of different fiber types

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Protein Breakdown in Muscle from Burned Rats Is Blocked by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors

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Developmental regulation of the activation of signaling components leading to translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

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How nutrition and exercise maintain the human musculoskeletal mass

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Not only insulin stimulates mitochondriogenesis in muscle cells, but mitochondria are also essential for insulin‐mediated myogenesis

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Muscle atrophy in transgenic mice expressing a human TSC1 transgene

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Autophosphorylation of Akt at Threonine 72 and Serine 246

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IKK2 Inhibitor Alleviates Kidney and Wasting Diseases in a Murine Model of Human AIDS

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The role of IGFs in catabolism

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Targeted ablation of IKK2 improves skeletal muscle strength, maintains mass, and promotes regeneration

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An official European Respiratory Society statement on physical activity in COPD

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Muscle inflammatory response and insulin resistance: synergistic interaction between macrophages and fatty acids leads to impaired insulin action

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Diminished anabolic signaling response to insulin induced by intramuscular lipid accumulation is associated with inflammation in aging but not obesity

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Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates disuse skeletal muscle atrophy via the Mas receptor

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Anabolic effect of plant brassinosteroid

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Pomegranate Extract Prevents Skeletal Muscle of Mice against Wasting Induced by Acute TNF-α Injection

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New roles for Smad signaling and phosphatidic acid in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass

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Reducing NF-κB Signaling Nutritionally is Associated with Expedited Recovery of Skeletal Muscle Function After Damage

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Energy Deprivation Alters in a Leptin- and Cortisol-Independent Manner Circulating Levels of Activin A and Follistatin But Not Myostatin in Healthy Males

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The effects of a soluble activin type IIB receptor on obesity and insulin sensitivity

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Anabolic Effect of Human Synthetic Parathyroid Hormone-(1-34) Depends on Growth Hormone*

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The Role of Growth Hormone in the Anabolic Action of Methandrostenolone

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