Cited by 73Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingBody Composition Measurement Techniques

Total-body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass determination by creatine-(methyl-d3) dilution in rats

Stimpson, Stephen A., Turner, Scott M., Clifton, Lisa G., Poole, James C., Mohammed, Hussein A., Shearer, Todd W., Waitt, Greg M., Hagerty, Laura L. +3 more·2012·Journal of Applied Physiology

Abstract

There is currently no direct, facile method to determine total-body skeletal muscle mass for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle wasting conditions such as sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse. We tested in rats the hypothesis that the enrichment of creatinine-(methyl-d(3)) (D(3)-creatinine) in urine after a defined oral tracer dose of D(3)-creatine can be used to determine creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass. We determined 1) an oral tracer dose of D(3)-creatine that was completely bioavailable with minimal urinary spillage and sufficient enrichment in the body creatine pool for detection of D(3)-creatine in muscle and D(3)-creatinine in urine, and 2) the time to isotopic steady state. We used cross-sectional studies to compare total creatine pool size determined by the D(3)-creatine dilution method to lean body mass determined by independent methods. The tracer dose of D(3)-creatine (<1 mg/rat) was >99% bioavailable with 0.2-1.2% urinary spillage. Isotopic steady state was achieved within 24-48 h. Creatine pool size calculated from urinary D(3)-creatinine enrichment at 72 h significantly increased with muscle accrual in rat growth, significantly decreased with dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, was correlated with lean body mass (r = 0.9590; P < 0.0001), and corresponded to predicted total muscle mass. Total-body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass can thus be accurately and precisely determined by an orally delivered dose of D(3)-creatine followed by the measurement of D(3)-creatinine enrichment in a single urine sample and is promising as a noninvasive tool for the clinical determination of skeletal muscle mass.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/japplphysiol.00122.2012

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Stimpson, S. A., Turner, S. M., Clifton, L. G., Poole, J. C., Mohammed, H. A., Shearer, T. W., Waitt, G. M., Hagerty, L. L., Remlinger, K. S., Hellerstein, M. K., & Evans, W. J.
Affiliations
  • GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
  • KineMed (United States) (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author
Stimpson, Stephen A.
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Published
2012-06-01
Volume
112
Issue
11
Pages
1940-1948
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
OpenAlex
W2331564679
Cited by
73
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords
skeletal muscle mass, isotopic steady state, lean body mass, muscle atrophy, dexamethasone, sarcopenia, cachexia, disuse, muscle mass assessment
MeSH terms
Animals, Creatine, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Methylation, Muscular Atrophy, Random Allocation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Muscle, Skeletal, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review