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Cited by 447

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 297 of the 297 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Getting to the Outer Leaflet: Physiology of Phosphatidylserine Exposure at the Plasma Membrane

Bevers, Edouard M., Williamson, Patrick L.·2016·Physiological Reviews

Abstract

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a major component of membrane bilayers whose change in distribution between inner and outer leaflets is an important physiological signal. Normally, members of the type IV P-type ATPases spend metabolic energy to create an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the two leaflets, with PS confined to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. On occasion, membrane enzymes, known as scramblases, are activated to facilitate transbilayer migration of lipids, including PS. Recently, two proteins required for such randomization have been identified: TMEM16F, a scramblase regulated by elevated intracellular Ca 2+, and XKR8, a caspase-sensitive protein required for PS exposure in apoptotic cells. Once exposed at the cell surface, PS regulates biochemical reactions involved in blood coagulation, and bone mineralization, and also regulates a variety of cell-cell interactions. Exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, PS controls their recognition and engulfment by other cells. This process is exploited by parasites to invade their host, and in specialized form is used to maintain photoreceptors in the eye and modify synaptic connections in the brain. This review discusses what is known about the mechanism of PS exposure at the surface of the plasma membrane of cells, how actors in the extracellular milieu sense surface exposed PS, and how this recognition is translated to downstream consequences of PS exposure.

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Crossref · 10.1152/physrev.00020.2015

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Metadata

Authors
Bevers, E. M., & Williamson, P. L.
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Published
2016-04
Volume
96
Issue
2
Pages
605-645
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
OpenAlex
W2291071386
Cited by
447
References
297
FWCI
2.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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