Cited by 489Regulation of Appetite and ObesityHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

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Mechanism of the development of obesity in animals with hypothalamic lesions.

Brobeck, John R.·1946·Physiological Reviews

DOI 10.1152/physrev.1946.26.4.541

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Localization in the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei of an area affecting plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels
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“Brobeck (1946) reported hyperlipidemia in rats with ventromedial hypothalamie lesions. Similarly, Inoue et al. (1954) found elevations of plasma phospholipid levels following lateral hypothalamie stimulation, and a decrease of these levels after ventromedial stimulation.”
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“For example, ablation of the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus causes overeating and obesity [14].”
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The unidentified hormonal defense against weight gain
Lund, J. T., Lund, C., Morville, T. H., & Clemmensen, C. (2020) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000629 · Cited by 27
“Research into this aspect of mammalian physiology took off in the middle of the 20th century [18], and lesion studies in rodents quickly highlighted the hypothalamus as a crucial component of this system [19].”
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Schulz, C., Paulus, K., & Lehnert, H. (2010) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14426-4_16 · Cited by 26
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Metabolism of lipids in chylomicrons and very low‐density lipoproteins
Havel, R. J. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050150 · Cited by 27
Differential effects of cuts through the posterior hypothalamus on food intake and body weight in male and female rats☆
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“Because some effect ive lesions are caudal to the region of the VMN itself, Brobeck [3] suggested m a n y years ago t ha t hype rphag ia and obes i ty might be due to an i n t e r r u p t i o n of the caudal c o n n e c t i o n s of the h y p o t h a l m u s r a the r t han de s t ruc t i on of cellular c o m p o n e…”
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“The hypothalamus is a particularly important integration hub that was first implicated in energy regulation by obesity-inducing lesions in the ventromedial nucleus (Brobeck, 1946).”
Background
Deep brain stimulation for obesity: rationale and approach to trial design
Ho, A. L., Sussman, E. S., Pendharkar, A. V., Azagury, D. E., Bohon, C., & Halpern, C. H. (2015) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2015.3.focus1538 · Cited by 25
Multiple effects of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in the white-throated sparrow,Zonotrichia albicollis
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Short-term and long-term components in the regulation of food intake: evidence for a modulatory ce:role of carbohydrate status
Itallie, T. V., Smith, N., & Quartermain, D. (1977) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/30.5.742 · Cited by 24
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Zha, X., & Xu, X. (2015) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-015-1564-2 · Cited by 26
Role of the efferent and afferent vagus nerve in the development of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) obesity
Inoue, S., Nagase, H., Satom, S., Saito, M., Egawa, M., Tanaka, K., & Takamura, Y. (1991) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(91)90151-9 · Cited by 24
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The normalizing effect of lateral amygdalar lesions upon the dorsomedial amygdalar syndrome in dogs.
Fonberg, E. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 24
Pathways of glucose metabolism
Landau, B. R., & Katz, J. J. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050125 · Cited by 24
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Leptin and risk factors for atherosclerosis: A review
Wang, C., Chang, L., Wang, J., Xia, L., Cao, L., Wang, W., Xu, J., & Gao, H. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000036076 · Cited by 28
“[35] In a cross-sectional study related to leptin and obesity, it was found that serum leptin levels in obese and overweight patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects.”
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Altered position of cell bodies and fibers in the ventromedial region in SF-1 knockout mice
Büdefeld, T., Tobet, S. A., & Majdič, G. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.08.021 · Cited by 22
“Neurons in the VMH are involved in control of energy homeostasis (Brobeck, 1946; Iwamoto et al., 1999;Majdic et al., 2002; Powley, 1977), sexual behavior (Flanagan-Cato et al., 2006; Matsumoto and Yamanouchi, 2000; Yahr and Greene, 1992), parental behavior (Harding and McGinnis, 2005), anxiety…”
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Weber, G., Hird, H. J., Stamm, N. B., & Wagle, D. S. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050123 · Cited by 24
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Regional variations in glia and neuropil within the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus
van Houten, M., & Brawer, J. R. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901790403 · Cited by 22
Response to glucoprivic and hydrational challenges by normal and hypothalamic hyperphagic rats
KING, B., & GROSSMAN, S. (1977) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90260-8 · Cited by 22
Central oxyntomodulin causes anorexigenic effects associated with the hypothalamus and alimentary canal in chicks (Gallus gallus)
Cline, M. A., Bowden, C. N., Nandar, W., & Rogers, J. O. (2008) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.01.038 · Cited by 21
The Hypothalamus and Behavioral Patterns
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Perfusion of isolated adipose tissue: FFA release and blood flow in rat parametrial fat body
Scow, R. O. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050145 · Cited by 22
Morphology of adipose tissue: a microscopic anatomy of fat
Sheldon, H. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050113 · Cited by 21
Application of Feed Intake Principles to Poultry Care and Management
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“Earlier lesion studies have established the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) as a satiety center and lateral hypothalamus (LH) as a hunger center in the brain (Brobeck, 1946; Teitelbaum and Epstein, 1962), In addition, lesion of the arcuate nucleus (Arc) or the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) also produces hyperphag…”
Background
Satiety induced by central stresscopin is mediated by corticotrophin-releasing factor receptors and hypothalamic changes in chicks
Cline, M. A., Prall, B. C., Rogers, J. O., et al. (2009) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.03.005 · Cited by 20
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Masoro, E. J. (1980) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610738008258362 · Cited by 20
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“These two neuron populations are not just sensitive to leptin, but also to a number of signals conveying the overall availability of fuels that either (1) circulate in the plasma, (2) are ready to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and (3) are stored as glycogen or fat.”
Background
Genes and the hypothalamic control of metabolism in humans
Hinney, A., Volckmar, A., & Antel, J. (2014) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2014.04.007 · Cited by 19
Adipose tissue in diabetes
Winegrad, A. I. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050132 · Cited by 17
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Vaughan, M. M., & Steinberg, D. H. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050124 · Cited by 19
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Gellhorn, A., & Benjamin, W. B. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050141 · Cited by 19
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“Master sensor of energy fluxes in the basomedial hypothalamus and signal integration and orchestration of effector pathways The hypothalamus has long been implicated in the regulation of body weight (6,7), and particularly convincing evidence has been the identification of rare human genetic variants of these circuits…”
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Cline, M. A., Calchary, W. A., & Nandar, W. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.004 · Cited by 18
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Effect of dietary and endocrine factors on adipose tissue growth 1
Hausberger, F. X. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050152 · Cited by 18
Six‐month follow‐up in weanling rats with ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions: Somatic, endocrine, and metabolic changes
Bernardis, L. L., Goldman, J. K., Chlouverakis, C., et al. (1975) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490010202 · Cited by 18
“The obesity and the attendant metabolic changes were attributed entirely to hyperphagia (Brobeck, et al., 1943; Brobeck, 1946).”
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The central anorexigenic mechanism of adrenocorticotropic hormone involves the caudal hypothalamus in chicks
Shipp, S. L., Yi, J., Dridi, S., et al. (2015) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.07.005 · Cited by 17
“The LH is associated with stimulation of hunger, while the VMH is associated with satiety (Anand and Brobeck, 1951; Brobeck, 1946; Kalra et al., 1999).”
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Effect of chronic intraperitoneal injections of leptin on hypothalamic neurotensin content and food intake
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SOCS3 expression in SF1 cells regulates adrenal differentiation and exercise performance
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“2011), which comprises an important neuronal population involved in the regulation of the energy balance, glucose homeostasis and autonomic nervous system (Brobeck 1946, Powley 1977, Ikeda et al.”
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Involvement of the medial hypothalamus and the septal area in the control of food intake and body weight in geese
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THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND OBESITY
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Regulation of Food Intake in Ruminants. 7. Interrelations Between Food Intake and Body Temperature
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Effects of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on adipose tissue of weanling male rats
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Nutrition as a Factor against Addiction
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Reappearance of dynamic hyperphagia during the static phase in medial hypothalamic lesioned rats
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Untersuchungen über den Verzehrsrückgang bei proteinreicher Ernährung. 1. Mitteilung
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Anorexigenic effects of central neuropeptide K are associated with hypothalamic changes in juvenile Gallus gallus
Prall, B. C., & Cline, M. A. (2008) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.08.007 · Cited by 10
“Since the LH, a nucleus classically associated with hunger perception (Brobeck, 1946; Anand and Brobeck, 1951) was not affected by Table 2 Timed type behaviors following ICV injection of NPK in chicks (Experiment 3) Behavior Treatment Time post-injection (s) 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 Stand time…”
Background
Interaction of adrenalectomy and fenfluramine treatment on body weight, food intake and brown adipose tissue
Arase, K., York, D. A., Shargill, N. S., & Bray, G. A. (1989) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90073-5 · Cited by 10

Authors: Brobeck, J. R.
Corresponding author: Brobeck, John R.
Venue: Physiological Reviews
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1946-10-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
Pages: 541-559
ISSN: 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
1522-1210
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1946.26.4.541
OpenAlex: W2311863019
Cited by: 488
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 8.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: obesity, hypothalamic lesions, hypothalamus, feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, animal models of obesity
MeSH terms: Animals, Hypothalamus, Obesity

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Mechanism of the development of obesity in animals with hypothalamic lesions.

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