Cited by 316Skin Protection and AgingAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

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Free Radicals and Extrinsic Skin Aging

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Poljšak, Borut, Dahmane, Raja·2012·Dermatology Research and Practice

DOI 10.1155/2012/135206PMC PMC3299230

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Abstract

Human skin is constantly directly exposed to the air, solar radiation, environmental pollutants, or other mechanical and chemical insults, which are capable of inducing the generation of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) of our own metabolism. Extrinsic skin damage develops due to several factors: ionizing radiation, severe physical and psychological stress, alcohol intake, poor nutrition, overeating, environmental pollution, and exposure to UV radiation (UVR). It is estimated that among all these environmental factors, UVR contributes up to 80%. UV-induced generation of ROS in the skin develops oxidative stress, when their formation exceeds the antioxidant defence ability of the target cell. The primary mechanism by which UVR initiates molecular responses in human skin is via photochemical generation of ROS mainly formation of superoxide anion (O(2) (-) (∙)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl radical (OH(∙)), and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). The only protection of our skin is in its endogenous protection (melanin and enzymatic antioxidants) and antioxidants we consume from the food (vitamin A, C, E, etc.). The most important strategy to reduce the risk of sun UVR damage is to avoid the sun exposure and the use of sunscreens. The next step is the use of exogenous antioxidants orally or by topical application and interventions in preventing oxidative stress and in enhanced DNA repair.

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Additional file 3 of Multi-omics analysis of an in vitro photoaging model and protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium
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Additional file 2 of Multi-omics analysis of an in vitro photoaging model and protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium
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Additional file 1 of Multi-omics analysis of an in vitro photoaging model and protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium
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Authors: Poljšak, B., & Dahmane, R.
Affiliations: University of Ljubljana (SI)
Corresponding author: Dahmane, Raja
ORCID: Poljšak, Borut
Dahmane, Raja
Venue: Dermatology Research and Practice
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012
Volume: 2012
Pages: 1-4
ISSN: 1687-6105 (ISSN-L)
1687-6113
DOI: 10.1155/2012/135206
PMC: PMC3299230
OpenAlex: W2037404352
Cited by: 316
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 18.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Dermatology Research and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords: extrinsic skin aging, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, ultraviolet radiation, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidants, sunscreen, DNA repair, melanin, environmental pollutants

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